Embroidered Metamaterial Antenna for Optimized Performance on Wearable Applications

Abstract

In this work, an embroidered metamaterial monopole antenna based on a split ring resonator electromagnetic bandgap shielding structure is designed, simulated, and tested. This work investigates the impact of different types of embroidering metamaterial patterns on the antenna performance, shielding effect in terms of human safety through specific absorption rate analysis and degree of material wearability, in comparison with the standard antenna topologies. The proposed antenna design presents a full compact embroidered metamaterial device manufactured in felt textile substrate and requires a 85 × 70 mm2 area, operating at 2.45 GHz. On‐voxel analysis reveals that specific absorption standards are satisfied for both public and occupational sector with a significant safety margin whereas the antenna performance in terms of gain and directivity are significantly optimized with regard to standard wearable materials.

A Triple-Band Antenna With a Metamaterial Slab for Gain Enhancement and Specific Absorption Rate (Sar) Reduction

“…Table 3 lists the comparison of the proposed metamaterial's SAR reduction percentage and gain with the other structures that are discussed in the recent literature. It is inferred that the proposed structure for SAR reduction is compact in size compared with the others proposed in [26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. However, the multi split square ring metamaterial in [32] is more compact, and yet the percentage reduction achieved in the proposed work is more than that of the former.…”

“…A flexible dual-band antenna with a metamaterial structure for SAR reduction is shown in [29]. An embroidered metamaterial antenna based on an electromagnetic bandgap shielding structure is proposed in [30]. A metallic casing loop is proposed in [31] for SAR reduction.…”

Multiresonant Split Ring Resonator with Meandered Strips

“…To experimentally assess multiple resonances in an SRR, an SRR antenna was produced by embroidery. This technology is commonly considered for a textile production of wearable metamaterial antennas involving a ring and an SRR . It was conveniently selected in this work for energy‐harvesting application by smart textiles which is not specifically concerned with this article.…”

“…This technology is commonly considered for a textile production of wearable metamaterial antennas involving a ring and an SRR. [33][34][35] It was conveniently selected in this work for energy-harvesting application by smart textiles which is not specifically concerned with this article. An S-shaped antenna with two SRRs is shown in Figure 4a.…”

Flexible Antennas: A Review

“…Embroidery with conductive yarn is a simple fabrication method with great potential in flexible wearable antenna fabrication due to its compatibility with nonelectronic textile processing capabilities. An embroidered antenna-IC in–erconnections in passive UHF RFID electrotextile tags and the possibility of creating a planar dipole tag by only embroidering the borderlines of the full antenna shape was studied earlier [ 125 ]. A 160-mm-diameter Archimedean spiral antenna was weaved using seven-filament silver-plated copper Elektrisola E-threads on a Kevlar fabric substrate [ 126 ].…”