Embryo Rescue

Winkelmann, Traud; Doil, Antje; Reinhardt, Sandra; Ewald, A.

doi:10.1002/9780470686522.ch5

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Fruit and seed set was determined for the controlled pollinations, and the index of self‐incompatibility (ISI) was determined by dividing the relative success of seed set from self‐pollination by the relative success of seed set from cross‐pollination (Arroyo et al ). In addition, pollen tube growth was observed in situ by fluorescence microscopy of aniline blue‐stained ovaries (Winkelmann et al ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mating biology, nuclear DNA content and genetic diversity in spider plant (Cleome gynandra) germplasm from various African countries

et al. 2017

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Cleome gynandra (L.) Briq. is an African leafy vegetable with a potential to improve food security and micronutrient deficiencies. Cytological traits, breeding biology and genetic diversity of 30 selected entries of C. gynandra from six African countries were investigated. The entries consisted of advanced lines, gene bank accessions and farmers’ cultivars. Our study revealed chromosome numbers of 2n = 34 in root tip metaphase cells from one entry. The 30 entries were found to be diploid with genome sizes ranging from 2.31 to 2.45 pg/2C. Hand pollination experiments were carried out to assess self‐incompatibility within the entries and revealed that they are self‐ and cross‐compatible. For genetic diversity studies within and among the entries, the pooled data of 499 polymorphic bands from 11 amplified fragment length polymorphism primer combinations and nine simple sequence repeat markers were used. The genetic distance among the entries ranged from 0.13 to 0.77. In a principal coordinate analysis, the farmers’ cultivars formed a cluster separate from the advanced lines and the gene bank entries, and the latter were not well resolved.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mating biology, nuclear DNA content and genetic diversity in spider plant (Cleome gynandra) germplasm from various African countries

et al. 2017

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“…In the following flowering season (2008/2009), carpels were collected 48 and 96 h after pollination; in 2009/2010, they were harvested 72, 96 and 144 h after pollination. Carpels were treated and analysed as described in Winkelmann et al. (2010).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hybrid inviability acts after successful fertilisation during embryo development, resulting in embryo abortion. Post‐zygotic barriers during embryo development can be circumvented by embryo rescue techniques, in which embryos, ovaries or ovules are rescued before embryo abortion and are cultured in vitro until seedlings develop (Winkelmann et al. 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of reproductive barriers and realisation of interspecific hybridisations depending on genetic distances between species in the genus Helleborus

Meiners

Winkelmann

2012

Plant Biology

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The genus Helleborus comprises 22 species, which are allocated to six sections. H. x hybridus and H. niger, which belong to different Helleborus sections, are economically important ornamentals. Several other species with minor impact exhibit interesting features, e.g. flower size, flower colour, foliage, scent and disease resistance, which should be introgressed into H. x hybridus or H. niger through interspecific hybridisation. The aims of this study were to investigate whether and which kind of hybridisation barriers occur in crosses between Helleborus species and if they differ in their manifestations, depending on the genetic distance of the respective partners. In order to obtain interspecific hybrids despite crossing barriers, a method to overcome these barriers should be developed. Crossing barriers in Helleborus were localised as predominantly post-zygotic according to in situ pollen tube staining with aniline blue. For certain crosses, pre-zygotic barriers could also be assumed, but pollen tube growth was not totally inhibited. Therefore, embryo rescue techniques via ovule culture were established to overcome the post-zygotic barriers. Ovules were isolated from maternal plants 5-7 weeks after pollination in most cases and then cultured in vitro. Overall, 219 hybrids were successfully obtained, of which 16 were derived from inter-sectional crosses. Hybrids were verified by flow cytometry and/or by molecular DNA markers.

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“…The expansion of the gene pool was obtained by forcing crosses with increasingly distant species with the help, among others, of in vitro culture techniques allowing the rescue of the offspring of otherwise sterile crosses. Embryo rescue plays an important role in plant breeding programmes and is expected to retain or even broaden its significance, since plants obtained by embryo rescue do not have to be considered as genetically modified (Winkelmann et al, 2010).…”

Section: Genomes In Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Alterations That Do or Do Not Occur Naturally; Consequences for Genome Edited Organisms in the Context of Regulatory Oversight

Custers

Casacuberta

Eriksson

et al. 2019

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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The ability to successfully exploit genome edited organisms for the benefit of food security and the environment will essentially be determined by the extent to which these organisms fall under specific regulatory provisions. In many jurisdictions the answer to this question is considered to depend on the genetic characteristics of the edited organism, and whether the changes introduced in its genome do (or do not) occur naturally. We provide here a number of key considerations to assist with this evaluation as well as a guide of concrete examples of genetic alterations with an assessment of their natural occurrence. These examples support the conclusion that for many of the common types of alterations introduced by means of genome editing, the resulting organisms would not be subject to specific biosafety regulatory provisions whenever novelty of the genetic combination is a crucial determinant.

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Embryo Rescue

Cited by 8 publications

References 43 publications

Mating biology, nuclear DNA content and genetic diversity in spider plant (Cleome gynandra) germplasm from various African countries

Mating biology, nuclear DNA content and genetic diversity in spider plant (Cleome gynandra) germplasm from various African countries

Evaluation of reproductive barriers and realisation of interspecific hybridisations depending on genetic distances between species in the genus Helleborus

Genetic Alterations That Do or Do Not Occur Naturally; Consequences for Genome Edited Organisms in the Context of Regulatory Oversight

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