Embryo transfer, a potential risk in disease transmission

Abstract

Several studies have been performed to determine the disease transmission potential of early bovine embryos. Most of them agree that the Zona Pellucida (ZP) is a barrier that generally protects the embryo from infection but can also be a potential route for the transmission of pathogens. This review will initially focus on the characteristics of the ZP and the potential ways in which an embryo can transmit disease and the possible alternatives to reduce this hazard.

Multiple Ovulation and Embryo Transfer in Cattle

“…(BVDV), Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV), Bovine Tuberculosis (TB), Brucellosis, etc.. It is stated that the zona pellucida (ZP) is an important barrier for infectious agents to infect the oocyte and embryo (Escobar 2018). However, ZP may permit the transmission of some diseases.…”

“…Most of the transport of pathogens occurs by penetrating ZP. Therefore, embryos should be washed in Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline (dPBS) at least 10 times before transfer or freezing procedures (Escobar 2018). Studies have reported that BVDV that has penetrated the ZP can be removed by washing (Gard et al 2009).…”

“…Studies have reported that BVDV that has penetrated the ZP can be removed by washing (Gard et al 2009). In the Office International Des Epizooties (OIE) protocol, it is recommended to use 100-fold diluted solution for each washing step of the embryos and to use disposable sterile pipettes during the transfer of the embryos (Escobar 2018;.…”