2001
DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(01)02731-5
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Embryo transfer: techniques and variables affecting success

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Cited by 258 publications
(172 citation statements)
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“…4 Previous studies have shown that decreased uterine contractility during the later luteal phase and the larger sizes of blastocysts would prevent the retrograde passage of embryos, which imply that blastocyst ET reduces the rate of ectopic pregnancy compared with cleavage-stage ET. 5,6 These results support Chang and Suh's observation that transfer of three or more embryos with higher estimated embryo implantation potential was reported to be associated with an increased risk of ectopic pregnancy. 2 Moreover, two studies suggested that the rate of ectopic pregnancy was not reduced after blastocyst ET compared with cleavagestage ET.…”
Section: Introductionsupporting
confidence: 84%
“…4 Previous studies have shown that decreased uterine contractility during the later luteal phase and the larger sizes of blastocysts would prevent the retrograde passage of embryos, which imply that blastocyst ET reduces the rate of ectopic pregnancy compared with cleavage-stage ET. 5,6 These results support Chang and Suh's observation that transfer of three or more embryos with higher estimated embryo implantation potential was reported to be associated with an increased risk of ectopic pregnancy. 2 Moreover, two studies suggested that the rate of ectopic pregnancy was not reduced after blastocyst ET compared with cleavagestage ET.…”
Section: Introductionsupporting
confidence: 84%
“…It has been assumed that the risk of ectopic pregnancy could be decreased following day 5 transfer compared to day 3 embryo transfer because of the reduced uterine contractility and the larger diameter of the blastocyst [8,37]. In the present study, the ectopic pregnancy rates were identical (2.1 % in the blastocyst group and 2.0 % in the cleavagestage embryo transfer group).…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 48%
“…It has been reported that high frequency uterine contractions are associated with a lower ongoing clinical pregnancy rate and complete expulsion of the embryo (Fanchin 1998). It has also been postulated that the expulsion of the embryo into the lower uterine segment may result in higher rates of cervical ectopic pregnancy and placenta previas Schoolcraft 2001). Witnessing uterine contractions hysteroscopically can also guide the clinician to abort and defer the procedure, thus decreasing costs, multiple failed attempts of ET, embryo loss, and risk of cervical ectopics and placenta previas.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Many clinicians will transfer the embryos at a fixed distance (6 cm) from the external os; however, with varying cervical lengths and uterine anatomy, this often does not ensure optimal placement (Brown 2007). Recently, there have been many studies proposing potential embryo transfer related factors to the low success rate in pregnancy outcomes such as uterine contractions, expulsion of embryos, blood or mucus on the catheter tip, bacterial contamination of the catheter, and retained embryos (Schoolcraft 2001). Ultrasound guided embryo transfer (UGET) is currently suggested as the standard clinical practice and appears to improve the chances of live/ongoing and clinical pregnancies compared with clinical touch methods (Brown 2007).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%