Embryogeny of gymnosperms: advances in synthetic seed technology of conifers

Attree, S. M.; Fowke, Larry C.

doi:10.1007/bf00043936

Cited by 296 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 184 publications

(153 reference statements)

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“…Somatic embryos appear to undergo a decreasing sensitivity to ABA during maturation. The same observation has also been documented in conifers (Attree and Fowke 1993). In alfalfa and Brassica napus tissue culture-derived embryos desiccation tolerance can be induced with ABA only at a specific stage in their development (McKersie et al 1989;Brown et al 1993).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 71%

Improvement of soybean somatic embryo development and maturation by abscisic acid treatment

Tian¹,

Brown²

2000

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Improvement of soybean somatic embryo development and maturation by abscisic acid treatment. Can. J. Plant Sci. 80: 271-276. Recovery of tissue culture-derived plants through somatic embryogenesis is a useful system for genetic engineering of soybean. The effect of abscisic acid (ABA) on soybean somatic embryogenesis, development,and maturation was investigated. ABA at 1, 10, 50, 100, and 500 µM were applied at different stages of embryo development; namely, at the globular stage in suspension culture, at the development stage and at the maturation stage on solid media. ABA promoted embryo growth and development when applied at the globular stage. Embryo size, after 15 d and after 1 mo on development medium, was significantly greater than that without exposure to ABA. ABA promoted normal embryo morphogenesis and 62% more normal embryos developed when embryos were treated with ABA at the globular stage. ABA treated-embryos showed an increased tolerance to partial desiccation (from 24% to 78%) and exhibited an increased germination capability relative to non-ABA-treated controls (54% versus 8%). Somatic embryos appeared to undergo a decreasing sensitivity to ABA during maturation. ABA did not show an effect when applied during embryo development and maturation stages. A protocol for more normal embryo formation and improved embryo germination is reported.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 71%

Improvement of soybean somatic embryo development and maturation by abscisic acid treatment

Tian¹,

Brown²

2000

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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“…For A. angustifolia, this is a critical point since this species has undergone continuous declines in the extent of its occurrence. Genotype specificity for embryogenic initiation occurs in conifers (Attree & Fowke, 1993). In our experiments, differences was observed between genotypes tested up to 10.6% in the induction rate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 43%

“…These include influence of the genotype, effect of the stage of development, and induction potential of the culture medium (Radojevic et al, 1999), particulary of sucrose, nitrogen level and composition, mineral elements, agar, plant growth regulators, and pH (Tautorus et al, 1991). The maturation of conifer somatic embryos occurs in the presence of abscisic acid (ABA) and an osmotic agent (Attree & Fowke, 1993). ABA inhibits cleavage polyembryony, thus allowing embryo singulation, further development, and maturation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is important to consider that the Araucariaceae family shows, when compared to other conifer species, unique early zygotic embryogenic features (Kaur & Bhatnagar, 1983), showing high degree of specialization (Buchholz, 1920). Furthermore, seeds of A. angustifolia are recalcitrant (Farrant et al, 1989) and most of the conifer seeds are orthodox (Attree & Fowke, 1993). These features should be taken into account in order to develop a specific somatic embryogenesis protocol for the mass clonal propagation of A. angustifolia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Somatic Embryogenesis in Parana Pine (Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Kuntze)

Santos

Silveira

Steiner

et al. 2002

Braz. arch. biol. technol.

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“…The key aspects of quality considered are the ability to survive desiccation and the ability to germinate vigorously. The importance of both abscisic acid (ABA) and water stress in increasing embryo yield and promoting embryo development have been described previously [2,3]. This work demonstrated that raising both ABA and water stress are beneficial to embryo quality, as they prevent precocious germination and promote full morphological development and accumulation of storage reserves.…”

Section: Improvements In Embryo Performance and Germinationmentioning

confidence: 74%

Commercial delivery of genetic improvement to conifer plantations using somatic embryogenesis

Sutton¹

2002

Ann. For. Sci.

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-Somatic embryogenesis of conifers has been the subject of intensive research by a number of organizations over the last 15 years. The maintenance, cryopreservation and production of embryos from embryogenic cultures of individual trees have been demonstrated for several commercial species. These attributes have enabled CellFor Inc. (a commercial provider) to develop and deploy over 4 500 clones in field tests. It is expected that selection of elite clones from such tests will result in gains of more than 40% in volume growth over population means. While individual elite parent trees may exhibit improvements in excess of 25%, seed orchards typically yield less than half this gain operationally. Hence the ability to deploy selected clones of elite families through mass production of somatic embryos has significant value. CellFor has developed a bulk embryo production and sowing methods to achieve this, with initial volumes of 2 million somatic seedlings annually. somatic / embryogenesis / conifer / clonal / forestryRésumé -Retombée commerciale de l'amélioration génétique des plantations résineuses par embryogénie somatique. Au cours des 15 dernières années, l'embryogenèse somatique chez les résineux a été l'objet de recherches intensives par un grand nombre d'organisations. La conservation, la cryo-conservation et la production d'embryons à partir de cultures embryogéniques d'arbres individuels ont été bien établies pour plusieurs espèces commerciales. Ces attributs ont permis à CellFor Inc. (un producteur commercial) le développement et la mise en place de plus de 4 500 clones dans des expérimentations au champ. Il est espéré que la sélection de clones élites à partir de tels tests produira un gain d'accroissement en volume de plus de 40 % par rapport aux moyennes des populations. Alors que les arbres élites parents peuvent, individuellement, présenter une amélioration de plus de 25 %, la production des vergers à graines, généralement, est pratiquement moins que la moitié encore de ce gain. Désormais, la possibilité de produire des clones, sélectionnés à partir de familles d'élite en employant une production de masse d'embryons somatiques, a une valeur significative. CellFor a développé avec des méthodes de semis une production industrielle d'embryons qui atteint un volume initial annuel de 2 millions de semis somatiques.somatique / embryogenèse / résineux / forêt

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Embryogeny of gymnosperms: advances in synthetic seed technology of conifers

Cited by 296 publications

References 184 publications

Improvement of soybean somatic embryo development and maturation by abscisic acid treatment

Improvement of soybean somatic embryo development and maturation by abscisic acid treatment

Somatic Embryogenesis in Parana Pine (Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Kuntze)

Commercial delivery of genetic improvement to conifer plantations using somatic embryogenesis

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