Embryological and Genetic Manipulation of Chick Development

Gammill, Laura S.; Jacques-Fricke, Bridget T.; Roffers-Agarwal, Julaine

doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-9009-2_6

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…(1) The first mechanism implies the existence of factors within the follicles prior to meiosis. (2) Meiotic drive suggests that factors during meiosis I cause nonrandom segregation of sex chromosome. (3) Third mechanism involves sex-specific follicle abortion and subsequent resorption after meiosis and before ovulation (adapted from [35]).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…We consider hypothetical schemes of such a process in birds using the example of Gallus gallus domesticus [1]. On the one hand, chicken is an important model object of fundamental genetics, especially embryogenetics [2], and on the other hand, it has significant practical importance for humans: 210 million tons of meat and 1482 billion eggs per year [2,3]. Both males and females are fattened in broiler production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Specific Features of Sex Determination in Birds on the Example ofGallus gallusdomesticus

Smirnov¹,

Trukhina²

2020

Gene Expression and Phenotypic Traits

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The chapter is devoted to the consideration of sex determination in birds. The appearance of heteromorphic sex chromosomes (birds) has led to the emergence of some specific W chromosomal signal, which provides estrogen control of the development of a heterogametic sex. At present, two hypotheses about sex determination in birds compete. One of these hypotheses considers the number of Z chromosomes as a key sex-determining factor, while the other hypothesis supposes the presence in W chromosome of the key gene controlling ovarian development or suppressing the appearance of testes. Into the modern scheme of the genetic control of sex determination in birds (practically within the hypothesis of dose compensation), an epigenetic mechanism was added. The appearance of gonads in birds is most likely determined by sex hormones and to the greatest extent by estrogen under the control of W chromosome. It is desirable to pay attention to noncoding RNAs, their connection with the W chromosome and their role in bird sex determination.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific Features of Sex Determination in Birds on the Example ofGallus gallusdomesticus

Smirnov¹,

Trukhina²

2020

Gene Expression and Phenotypic Traits

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“…implantation of reagent-soaked beads, insertion of cell pellets, injection of biochemicals, infection with retroviruses, or electroporation of constructs) and other experimental approaches ( Johnston, 1966 ; Noden, 1975 ; Serbedzija et al, 1989 ; Fekete and Cepko, 1993b ; Stocker et al, 1993 ; Bronner-Fraser, 1996 ; Chen et al, 1999 ; Kulesa and Fraser, 2000 ; Larsen et al, 2001 ; Nakamura and Funahashi, 2001 ; Schneider et al, 2001 ; Garcia-Castro et al, 2002 ; Trainor et al, 2002 ; Cerny et al, 2004 ; Krull, 2004 ; Lwigale et al, 2004 ; Lwigale et al, 2005 ; Schneider, 2007 ; Bronner-Fraser and Garcia-Castro, 2008 ; Lwigale and Schneider, 2008 ; Sauka-Spengler and Barembaum, 2008 ; Fish and Schneider, 2014 ; Fish et al, 2014 ; Ealba et al, 2015 ; Woronowicz et al, 2018 ). Overall, such strategies have been indispensable to understanding numerous dynamic aspects of development including cell fate decisions, tissue interactions, pattern formation, morphogenesis, and gene function and regulatory networks ( Le Douarin and McLaren, 1984 ; Noden, 1984 ; Le Douarin et al, 1996 ; Clarke and Tickle, 1999 ; Schneider, 1999 ; Eames and Schneider, 2005 ; Noden and Schneider, 2006 ; Sauka-Spengler and Bronner-Fraser, 2008 ; Tokita and Schneider, 2009 ; Betancur et al, 2010 ; Le Douarin and Dieterlen-Lièvre, 2013 ; Martik and Bronner, 2017 ; Abramyan and Richman, 2018 ; Schneider, 2018 ; Gammill et al, 2019 ; Núñez-León et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Electroporation is a very effective technique for introducing expression constructs into the premigratory cephalic NCM particularly by targeting the neural folds in stage HH8.5 embryos ( Creuzet et al, 2002 ; Krull, 2004 ; McLennan and Kulesa, 2007 ; Hall et al, 2014 ). Several DNA constructs containing a robust chicken β-actin promoter, a CMV promoter, an internal ribosome entry site (IRES), and a bicistronic reporter with green fluorescent protein (GFP) have been widely adopted including pMES, pCIG, and pCAβ ( Swartz et al, 2001 ; Megason and McMahon, 2002 ; McLarren et al, 2003 ; Sauka-Spengler and Barembaum, 2008 ; Jhingory et al, 2010 ; Hall et al, 2014 ; Yang et al, 2014 ; Gammill et al, 2019 ; Wu and Taneyhill, 2019 ). Electroporation can also efficiently enable gene repression using RNA interference (RNAi) and antisense morpholino oligonucleotides ( Tucker, 2001 ; Kos et al, 2003 ; Chesnutt and Niswander, 2004 ; Krull, 2004 ; Nakamura et al, 2004 ; Rao et al, 2004 ; Das et al, 2006 ; Sauka-Spengler and Barembaum, 2008 ; Gammill et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable integration of an optimized inducible promoter system enables spatiotemporal control of gene expression throughout avian development

et al. 2020

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Precisely altering gene expression is critical for understanding molecular processes of embryogenesis. Although some tools exist for transgene misexpression in developing chick embryos, we have refined and advanced them by simplifying and optimizing constructs for spatiotemporal control. To maintain expression over the entire course of embryonic development we use an enhanced piggyBac transposon system that efficiently integrates sequences into the host genome. We also incorporate a DNA targeting sequence to direct plasmid translocation into the nucleus and a D4Z4 insulator sequence to prevent epigenetic silencing. We designed these constructs to minimize their size and maximize cellular uptake, and to simplify usage by placing all of the integrating sequences on a single plasmid. Following electroporation of stage HH8.5 embryos, our tetracycline-inducible promoter construct produces robust transgene expression in the presence of doxycycline at any point during embryonic development in ovo or in culture. Moreover, expression levels can be modulated by titrating doxycycline concentrations and spatial control can be achieved using beads or gels. Thus, we have generated a novel, sensitive, tunable, and stable inducible-promoter system for high-resolution gene manipulation in vivo.

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“…Several DNA constructs containing a robust chicken β-actin promoter, a CMV promoter, an internal ribosome entry site (IRES), and a bicistronic reporter with green fluorescent protein (GFP) have been widely adopted including pMES, pCIG, and pCAβ (Swartz et al, 2001;Megason and McMahon, 2002;McLarren et al, 2003;Sauka-Spengler and Barembaum, 2008;Jhingory et al, 2010;Hall et al, 2014;Yang et al, 2014;Gammill et al, 2019;Wu and Taneyhill, 2019). Electroporation can also efficiently enable gene repression using RNA interference (RNAi) and antisense morpholino oligonucleotides (Tucker, 2001;Kos et al, 2003;Chesnutt and Niswander, 2004;Krull, 2004;Nakamura et al, 2004;Rao et al, 2004;Das et al, 2006;Sauka-Spengler and Barembaum, 2008;Gammill et al, 2019). However, due to the extrachromosomal nature of these vectors such treatments are only transient since plasmids and short oligonucleotides degrade and dilute following the proliferation of transfected cells, and misexpression is almost entirely eliminated by 72 to 96 hours (Sauka-Spengler and Barembaum, 2008;Wang et al, 2011;Hall et al, 2014;Bourgeois et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable integration of an optimized inducible promoter system enables spatiotemporal control of gene expression throughout avian development

Chu

Nguyen

Smith

et al. 2020

Preprint

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StatementWe have designed an optimized and integrating inducible-promoter system to control the timing, spatial domains, and levels of gene misexpression throughout avian development. AbstractPrecisely altering gene expression is critical for understanding molecular processes of embryogenesis. Although some tools exist for transgene misexpression in developing chick embryos, we have refined and advanced them by simplifying and optimizing constructs for spatiotemporal control. To maintain expression over the entire course of embryonic development we use an enhanced piggyBac transposon system that efficiently integrates sequences into the host genome. We also incorporate a DNA targeting sequence to direct plasmid translocation into the nucleus and a D4Z4 insulator sequence to prevent epigenetic silencing. We designed these constructs to minimize their size and maximize cellular uptake, and to simplify usage by placing all of the integrating sequences on a single plasmid. Following electroporation of stage HH8.5 embryos, our tetracycline-inducible promoter construct produces robust transgene expression in the presence of doxycycline at any point during embryonic development in ovo or in culture. Moreover, expression levels can be modulated by titrating doxycycline concentrations and spatial control can be achieved using beads or gels. Thus, we have generated a novel, sensitive, tunable, and stable inducible-promoter system for highresolution gene manipulation in vivo. (2016). Improving brightness and photostability of green and red fluorescent proteins for live cell imaging and FRET reporting. Sci Rep 6, 20889. Bellairs, R. and Osmond, M. (2005). The atlas of chick development (2nd edn). Amsterdam ; Boston ; London: Elsevier. Benjamini, Y. and Hochberg, Y. (1995). Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. Journal of the Royal statistical society: series B (Methodological) 57, 289-300. Betancur, P., Bronner-Fraser, M. and Sauka-Spengler, T. (2010). Assembling neural crest regulatory circuits into a gene regulatory network. Annual review of cell and developmental biology 26, 581-603.

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Embryological and Genetic Manipulation of Chick Development

Cited by 10 publications

References 31 publications

Specific Features of Sex Determination in Birds on the Example ofGallus gallusdomesticus

Specific Features of Sex Determination in Birds on the Example ofGallus gallusdomesticus

Stable integration of an optimized inducible promoter system enables spatiotemporal control of gene expression throughout avian development

Stable integration of an optimized inducible promoter system enables spatiotemporal control of gene expression throughout avian development

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