“…1). The following soft-tissue and skeletal changes in DDH have also been reported in the clinical literature: acetabular labral tears (Fujii et al, 2009;Noguchi et al, 1999;Tanzer and Noiseux, 2004;Cashin et al, 2008;Tschauner and Hofman, 1998), degenerative changes to the acetabular rim (Ganz and Leunig, 2007;McCarthy and Lee, 2002;Fujii et al, 2009), abnormal femoral head and neck morphology and differences in limb length (Storer and Skaggs, 2006), valgus angulation at the knee (Kandemir et al, 2002), and osteoarthritis (OA) (Jacobsen et al, 2005;McCarthy and Lee, 2002;Haene et al, 2007;Jessel et al, 2009). Even if dysplasia and subluxation present as a unilateral condition, the contralateral hip joint will also be abnormal compared with a normal healthy hip, in terms of femoral neck anteversion, femoral neck-shaft angle, and increased acetabular anteversion (Jacobsen et al, 2006).…”