Embryology of the dioecious Australian endemic Lomandra longifolia (Lomandraceae)

Ahmad, Nabil; Martin, Peter M.; Vella, John M.

doi:10.1071/bt07222

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…They were dehydrated through an ethanol series (50, 70, 95, and 100%) and then embedded in paraffin with a melting point 58-60 C for microtoming. Serial sections were cut with a rotary microtome (Leica RM2255, Germany) at 8 µm thickness and subsequently stained with safranin-O and Fast Green FCF (Ahmad et al, 2009, Sass, 1958. They were then dehydrated through an alcohol series to absolute ethanol and mounted in DPX (BDH, Poole, UK).…”

Section: Microscopy Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimisation of in vitro micropropagation of several date palm cultivars

Al-Najm¹,

Brauer²,

Trethowan³

et al. 2018

Aust J Crop Sci

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Rapid and efficient propagation methods that avoid the use of mutagenic growth regulators are required for date palm breeding and cultivation. The effects of different growth regulators on micropropagation of six female cultivars of date palm including Barhee, Medjool, Khalas, Khadrawi, Nemeishi and River Gem and the male cultivar Jarvis were invstigated. The experiments were conducted in vitro using floral explants of female and male mature inflorescences. Embryogenic callus induction and proliferation were significantly higher (93%) in the woody plant nutrient culture medium (WPM) supplemented with 5mg l-1 Thidiazuron (TDZ). The addition of zeatin to the medium was most effective for shoot regeneration from callus and this enhanced regeneration frequency and the average number of shoots obtained per explant. The highest number of shoots/explant (16) was obtained using 2 mg l-1 zeatin in WPM and WPM with 0.5 mg l-1 GA 3 and 2 mg l-1 zeatin enhanced shoot length significantly. Bud initiation and adventitious shoot formation 16 weeks after flower culture was enhanced by WPM supplemented with 1.5 mg l-1 2,4-D and 5 mg l-1 2ip. Sub-culturing of formed buds on a multiplication medium supplemented with 3.0 mg l-1 zeatin and 0.3 mg l-1 NAA produced the highest average number of buds. Adventitious shoot elongation (up to 7.64 cm) was maximized using a WPM medium with 0.5 mg l-1 GA 3 and 3 mg l-1 zeatin. Optimum rooting (81%) was achieved when shoots were transferred to a medium with 0.2 mg l-1 NAA. The survival rate was 80% and the plants were subsequently transferred to bigger pots and acclimatized for field planting. No phenotypic differences were observed among the regenerants. This observation was validated using a set of five highly polymorphic iPBS and SSR markers.

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Section: Microscopy Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimisation of in vitro micropropagation of several date palm cultivars

Al-Najm¹,

Brauer²,

Trethowan³

et al. 2018

Aust J Crop Sci

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“…Safranin O and fast green FCF staining combination, easier to apply than hematoxylin, is also considered one of the most valuable stains both for nuclear as well as anatomical and embryological studies and it has even replaced hematoxylin stain for routine work in some cases [40]. This staining combination has been applied in embryological studies of several plant species [9,41,42] and, in grapevine, as far as we know, for carpel morphogenesis, flower formation, fruit set and early stages of fruit development studies [37,38,43].…”

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confidence: 99%

An optimized histological proceeding to study the female gametophyte development in grapevine

et al. 2020

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Background: Reproductive success in seed plants depends on a healthy fruit and seed set. Normal seed development in the angiosperms requires the production of functional female gametophytes. This is particularly evident in seedless cultivars where defects during megagametophyte's developmental processes have been observed through cytohistological analysis. Several protocols for embryo sac histological analyses in grapevine are reported in literature, mainly based on resin-or paraffin-embedding approaches. However their description is not always fully exhaustive and sometimes they consist of long and laborious steps. The use of different stains is also documented, some of them, such as hematoxylin, requiring long oxidation periods of the dye-solution before using it (from 2 to 6 months) and/or with a differentiation step not easy to handle. Paraffin-embedding associated to examination with light microscope is the simplest methodology, and with less requirements in terms of expertise and costs, achieving a satisfactory resolution for basic histological observations. Safranin O and fast green FCF is an easy staining combination that has been applied in embryological studies of several plant species. Results: Here we describe in detail a paraffin-embedding method for the examination of grapevine ovules at different phenological stages. The histological sample preparation process takes 1 day and a half. Sections of 5 µm thickness can be obtained and good contrast is achieved with the safranin O and fast green FCF staining combination. The method allows the observation of megasporogenesis and megagametogenesis events in the different phenological stages examined. Conclusions: The histological sample preparation process proposed here can be used as a routine procedure to obtain embedded ovaries or microscope slides that would require further steps for examination. We suggest the tested staining combination as a simple and viable technique for basic screenings about the presence in grapevine of a normally and fully developed ovule with embryo sac cells, which is therefore potentially functional.

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“…They are generally small perennial herbs with rhizomes growing in the form of tussocks (Plummer et al 1995). (Ahmad et al 2009). This rush is commonly used as an ornamental plant (in gardens and along roadsides) and for revegetation projects (Ahmad et al 2009).…”

Section: Perennial Matt Rushes From the Asparagaceae Familymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Ahmad et al 2009). This rush is commonly used as an ornamental plant (in gardens and along roadsides) and for revegetation projects (Ahmad et al 2009). Lomandra longifolia is a good soil stabilizer (Ahmad et al 2014) and an important source of food for animals (Bonney & Miles 1994).…”

Section: Perennial Matt Rushes From the Asparagaceae Familymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wales. Both species are commonly used as ornamental plants as well as in revegetation projects (Ahmad et al 2009). They have multiple benefits for restoration, which include their ability to stabilize soils to prevent erosion due to their fibrous root system (Ahmad et al 2014) and to act as a food resource for native fauna (Bonney & Miles 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhancing seed-based restoration in south-east Queensland using Australian native species

Beveridge¹

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Australia's unique plant diversity is threatened by numerous pressures, such as habitat destruction, land degradation and invasive species. In extreme, but frequent cases of habitat destruction and degradation, this results in deeply eroded and damaged landscapes, making it hard for natural regeneration to take place. Land restoration using Australian native seeds (i.e. seed-based restoration) could be a feasible and effective option for restoring degraded landscapes. Using seeds to restore natural ecosystems has a greater chance of success if the seeds are ready to germinate at the time of sowing or given appropriate environmental conditions. For some species, seed characteristics such as seed fill, viability, and dormancy are critical factors that can reduce the rate and percentage of seeds germinating at any given time and are therefore fundamental to the success of seed-based restoration programs. However, these characteristics are often not known in advance, reducing the predictability and cost-effectiveness of using seeds for restoring eroded and damaged landscapes. To overcome seed germination issues and improve seed-based restoration outcomes, this thesis studies the seed ecology of ten Australian native species (four Poaceae, four Fabaceae and two Asparagaceae) that are commonly used in revegetating degraded landscapes in southeast Queensland. The aim was to understand the environmental cues needed to trigger germination, and how these requirements could be met by artificial means, such as chemical (potassium nitrate, smoke water, gibberellic acid, leaching) and/or mechanical (nicking) pre-treatments. Moreover, the use of seed-enhancing technologies (SET: priming, seed coating and seed cookies) was undertaken to study different methods of delivering the germination-enhancing chemicals (GECs) to seeds, also as a seed delivery method to the restoration site. Finally, restoration trials were undertaken in a degraded landscape by using different soil (topsoil or subsoil), site treatments (cover crop, hydrocompost or control) and seed treatment (seed cookies and control) to identify approaches that could enhance field germination, seedling emergence and establishment. The results from this study show that seed fill and/or dormancy were important factors in achieving seed germination and/or seedling emergence. Poaceae species presented low rates of seed fill (< 50%), with Themeda triandra seed fill of only 8 ± 1%. Dormancy was partly xx LIST OF PLATES Plate 2.1. Biodiversity hotspots located in Australia (marked in green).

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Embryology of the dioecious Australian endemic Lomandra longifolia (Lomandraceae)

Cited by 6 publications

References 11 publications

Optimisation of in vitro micropropagation of several date palm cultivars

Optimisation of in vitro micropropagation of several date palm cultivars

An optimized histological proceeding to study the female gametophyte development in grapevine

Enhancing seed-based restoration in south-east Queensland using Australian native species

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