Embryonic and early larval development of White Sea cod Gadus morhua marisalbi (Gadidae)

Genomic analysis reveals neutral and adaptive patterns that challenge the current management regime for East Atlantic cod Gadus morhua L

“…Cod from the White Sea are unique as they are the only coastal cod population inhabiting the Arctic waters of the North Atlantic. Although its life history is poorly understood, recent studies have suggested it to be resident in the White Sea and spawn under the ice at water temperatures as cold as −1.8°C (Makhotin, 2016; Yershov, Marschal, Ereskovsky, & Vishnyakov, 2016). Earlier, White Sea cod has been ascribed to a subspecies due to its divergent biology ( Gadus morhua marisalbi: Derjugin 1920), and genetic analyses using mtDNA polymorphisms have confirmed its recent divergence from Gadus morhua (Zelenina, Makeenko, Volkov, & Mugue, 2016).…”

“…LG12 has previously been found to differentiate between North Sea and coastal cod in the southern Norway (Sodeland et al, 2016). (Makhotin, 2016;Yershov, Marschal, Ereskovsky, & Vishnyakov, 2016). Earlier, White Sea cod has been ascribed to a subspecies due to its divergent biology (Gadus morhua marisalbi:…”

Embryonic development of the bullseye puffer Sphoeroides annulatus (Tetraodontidae): A morphofunctional approach to ontogenetic steps

“…The YSL presence indicates the acquisition of not only the nutrition capacity from the yolk but also new critical morphogenetic processes associated with embryo patterning (Carvalho & Heisenberg, ). Moreover, the presence of cytoplasmic extensions in DEL cells suggests the acquisition of cell motility capacity (Makhotin, ; Trinkaus, Trinkaus, & Fink, ), which may explain the changes in the discoblastula shape during Step E3. Then, the differentiation of the blastomeres into specialized structures suggests that the substitution of maternal transcript expression by expression of the embryonic genome (the maternal‐zygotic transition; Tadros & Lipshitz, ) occurs during this threshold, as reported for Danio rerio and Dichotomyctere nigroviridis (Aanes et al, ; Basu et al, ).…”