Embryonic and Fetal Human Hemoglobins: Structures, Oxygen Binding, and Physiological Roles

Oxygen-releasing biomaterials for chronic wounds breathing: From theoretical mechanism to application prospect

“…2 B). For example, fetal Hb (HbF), which is more stable and less prone to oxidation, exhibits a higher oxygen affinity and superior oxygen-carrier capability than normal Hb [ 64 ]. Ozcelik et al.…”

Breaking Free from Your Fetal Chains: A Case-Based Review of the Literature on Gamma Chain Variant Hemoglobinopathies

“…HbF is produced from the 6th week of gestation and switches to the major adult hemoglobin A (HbA) and minor adult hemo globin subunit alpha 2 (HbA2) tetramers immediately before birth 8) . As a result of a second switch at 6 months of age, HbF accounts for less than 5% of the total hemoglobin.…”

“…Patients with HbM disease usually have MetHb levels between 15% and 30% and remain asymptomatic 3) . The transmission of HbM is autosomal dominant, and life expectancy of affected patients remains unchanged 8) . Neonatal cyanosis associated with HbFM variants is rare.…”

“…Neonatal cyanosis associated with HbFM variants is rare. Only six gamma chain variants have been identified in the literature (HbFM Osaka, HbFM Fort Ripley, HbFM Circleville, HbFCincinnati, HbFM Toms River, and Hb Viseu) 8,9) . The results of the literature review of published case reports of gamma chain variants are summarized below (Table 1) 916) .…”

Modelling the Human Placental Interface In Vitro—A Review

“…Partial pressure of oxygen in the maternal blood is considerably higher than in the fetal blood, while carbon dioxide is more abundant in the fetal blood. Oxygen exchange is also facilitated by fetal hemoglobin having a higher affinity for oxygen than that of an adult [ 13 ]. Consequently, oxygen diffuses through the placenta from the maternal to the fetal blood, while carbon dioxide diffuses in the opposite direction.…”