Embryonic, Larval, and Early Postlarval Development of the Tropical Black-Lip Rock Oyster <i>Saccostrea echinata</i>

Nowland, Samantha J.; O’Connor, Wayne A.; Southgate, Paul C.

doi:10.2983/035.037.0106

Cited by 12 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A prime candidate for tropical oyster aquaculture in Australia is the ‘black-lip’ oyster, a large Saccostrea species currently farmed on a small scale in Bowen, Queensland (John Collison, personal communication) and Darwin, Northern Territory [ 8 ]. The taxonomic status of this oyster is poorly defined, and it is variably reported in the literature as ‘ Saccostrea echinata’ [ 8 , 9 ] or ‘ Striostrea (Parastriostrea) mytiloides’ [ 2 , 10 ]. Given that unambiguous identification of Saccostrea oysters is challenging based on morphology alone [ 11 , 12 ], and that no molecular data exists for the species, this designation must be treated as tentative at this stage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative De Novo transcriptome analysis of the Australian black-lip and Sydney rock oysters reveals expansion of repetitive elements in Saccostrea genomes

McDougall

2018

PLoS ONE

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Ostreid oysters (the ‘true oysters’) represent a large and commercially important family of bivalve molluscs. Several species, such as the Pacific oyster (Magallana gigas), the American oyster (Crassostrea virginica), the European oyster (Ostrea edulis) and the Sydney rock oyster (Saccostrea glomerata), are currently farmed at a large scale. However a number of other species may also be suitable for commercial-scale aquaculture. One such species is the ‘black-lip oyster’, a large Saccostrea species of uncertain taxonomic affinity found in northern Australia. Here, phylogenetic analysis of the COI gene places this oyster within a clade identified in a previous study of Japanese Saccostrea species, ‘Saccostrea lineage J’. To facilitate comparisons between this oyster and the better-studied S. glomerata, de novo transcriptomes were generated from larval stages and adult tissues of both species. Patterns of orthology indicated an expansion of repetitive elements within Saccostrea genomes when compared to M. gigas and C. virginica, which may be reflected in increased evolutionary rates and/or genome sizes. The generation of high-quality transcriptomes for these two commercially relevant oysters provides a valuable resource for gene identification and comparison of molecular processes in these and other mollusc species.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative De Novo transcriptome analysis of the Australian black-lip and Sydney rock oysters reveals expansion of repetitive elements in Saccostrea genomes

McDougall

2018

PLoS ONE

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“…This protocol involves Dveligers (1-5 dph) being stocked at 5 larvae/mL and fed 3 × 10 3 cells larvae −1 day −1 , early umbonate larvae (6-11 dph) being stocked at 3 larvae/mL and fed 6-8 × 10 3 cells larvae −1 day −1 , umbonate larvae (12-16 dph) stocked at 2 larvae/mL and fed 12 × 10 3 cells larvae −1 day −1 , and eyed larvae (17-23 dph) being stocked at 1 larvae/mL and fed 25-30 × 10 3 cells larvae −1 day −1 . Based on the apparent optimal conditions of stocking density and microalgae ration derived from the current study, stocking densities for all larval stages and microalgae rations for Dveligers and umbonate larvae should be increased compared to those used by Nowland et al (2018). Thus, current suggested hatchery culture parameters for each major larval stage of S. echinata are shown in Table 1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The black-lip rock oyster, Saccostrea echinata, has the potential to support development of an oyster culture industry throughout tropical Australia (Fleming et al, 2015;Nowland, O'Connor, & Southgate, 2018;Southgate & Lee, 1998) and adjacent areas of the Asia-Pacific (Coeroli, De Gajillande, & Landret, 1984;Glude, 1984). Adequate supply of spat is a current bottleneck to such development, with insufficient recruitment of wild spat (Glude, 1984), and poor hatchery output compared to that of other commercial oyster species (Nowland et al, 2018;Southgate & Lee, 1998). Nowland et al (2018) described embryonic and larval development of S. echinata, reporting low spat yields with a total of around 12,600 individuals produced over three larval runs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimizing stocking density and microalgae ration improves the growth potential of tropical black‐lip oyster, Saccostrea echinata, larvae

Nowland

O’Connor

Southgate

2018

J World Aquaculture Soc

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The combined effects of stocking density and microalgae ration on survival and size of Saccostrea echinata larvae were studied in two‐factor experiments for the major developmental stages: D‐veliger (1‐day posthatch [dph], Experiment 1), umbonate (12 dph, Experiment 2), and eyed (19 dph, Experiment 3) larvae. Larvae were stocked into replicate sets of four 10‐L aquaria with ambient 1‐μm filtered sea water (28 ± 1.5°C and 36 ppt) and cultured for four days at densities of 0.5, 2, 5, 7, or 10 larvae/mL and provided with microalgae rations at each of five densities (cells larvae−1 day−1); 0, 1, 3, 5, or 8 × 103 (D‐veliger larvae, Experiment 1); 0, 5, 12, 18, or 25 × 103 (umbonate larvae, Experiment 2); and 0, 15, 30, 40, or 60 × 103 (eyed larvae, Experiment 3). Microalgae rations for each larval life stage were selected on the basis of increasing food requirement with larval size and comprised a 2:1:1 mixture of Chaetoceros calcitrans, Tisochrysis lutea, and Pavlova spp., calculated on an equal dry‐weight basis. Contour plots were generated from larval survival and larval size (dorso‐ventral measurement [DVM]) data to determine optimal culture conditions. Larvae showed high survival (54–100%) over a wide range of both treatment parameters across all life stages, confirming broad tolerance limits for this species. The interaction effects of larval stocking density and microalgae ration on larval size were significant (p < 0.001) across all life stages. Results indicate that maximum larval size (DVM) is achieved when S. echinata are cultured at: 6–8 larvae/mL and fed 5–6 × 103 cells larvae−1 day−1 for D‐veligers (mean DVM >80 μm), at 2–8 larvae/mL and fed 11–25 × 103 cells larvae−1 day−1 for umbonate larvae (mean DVM > 190 μm), and at 1–4 larvae/mL and fed 15–40 × 103 cells larvae−1 day−1 for eyed larvae (mean DVM >230 μm). Results will help refine current hatchery methods for S. echinata supporting further development toward commercial aquaculture production of this species.

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Water temperature and salinity synergistically affect embryonic and larval development of the tropical black-lip rock oyster Saccostrea echinata

Nowland

O’Connor²,

Penny

et al. 2019

Aquacult Int

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Poor larval survival is a bottleneck to commercial hatchery production of the tropical black-lip rock oyster, Saccostrea echinata. This study investigated the synergistic effects of water temperature and salinity on embryonic and larval development across each major larval life stage. Results showed that water temperature and salinity have a significant effect on embryonic development of S. echinata and that embryos did not develop below 17 °C and 14 psu. Survival was high (55-100%) across all treatments and larval stages, and shell size was used primarily to determine larval response to treatments. Larval shell size increased as water temperature and salinity increased, reaching optima at 32 °C and 23 psu for D-veligers (mean DVM 78.18± 0.85 μm), at 32 °C and 26 psu for umbonate larvae (mean DVM 183.40 ± 2.60 μm), and at 32 °C and 29 psu for eyed larvae (mean DVM 249.64± 3.22 μm). It is recommended that S. echinata embryos and larvae are cultured within 28-32 °C and at salinity optima for each larval stage: embryo development at 32 psu, D-veligers and umbonate larvae between 23 and 26 psu, and eyed larvae between 28 and 30 psu. This is the first investigation of the combined effects of water temperature and salinity on S. echinata and provides valuable information to accelerate commercial aquaculture of this tropical species.

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Embryonic, Larval, and Early Postlarval Development of the Tropical Black-Lip Rock Oyster Saccostrea echinata

Cited by 12 publications

References 7 publications

Comparative De Novo transcriptome analysis of the Australian black-lip and Sydney rock oysters reveals expansion of repetitive elements in Saccostrea genomes

Comparative De Novo transcriptome analysis of the Australian black-lip and Sydney rock oysters reveals expansion of repetitive elements in Saccostrea genomes

Optimizing stocking density and microalgae ration improves the growth potential of tropical black‐lip oyster, Saccostrea echinata, larvae

Water temperature and salinity synergistically affect embryonic and larval development of the tropical black-lip rock oyster Saccostrea echinata

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