Embryonic Survival Subsequent to Culture of Rabbit Spermatozoa at 38  and 40  C

Burfening, P. J.; Ulberg, L. C.

doi:10.1530/jrf.0.0150087

Cited by 53 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The heat-stress temperature used, 40 C, is characteristic of rectal temperatures of lactating cows exposed to heat stress [23,24] and effects of aging sperm at this temperature could be relevant to understanding causes of reduced fertility of dairy cows during heat stress [25]. Exposure of human ejaculated sperm to mild heat shock caused DNA damage [26] and studies in the rabbit indicate that fertilization with sperm incubated at elevated temperature in vitro or in the female rabbit results in embryos with reduced implantation rates [27,28]. …”

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confidence: 99%

“…One cannot rule out effects of sperm aging on embryo competence for development to later stages of embryogenesis. Studies in the rabbit using sperm exposed to heat shock in vitro [27] or in vivo [28] indicate increased embryonic loss at Day 9 or 12 after insemination.One effect of aging sperm was on blastocyst sex ratio. In the absence of sperm aging, the sex ratio of blastocysts was skewed to males and aging at 38.5 C resulted in a sex ratio close to an equal number of males and female embryos.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Consequences for the Bovine Embryo of Being Derived from a Spermatozoon Subjected to Post-Ejaculatory Aging and Heat Shock: Development to the Blastocyst Stage and Sex Ratio

2009

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Abstract. The objective was to determine whether aging of sperm caused by incubation at normothermic (38.5 C) or heat shock (40 C) temperatures for 4 h prior to oocyte insemination affects sperm motility, fertilizing ability, competence of the resultant embryo to develop to the blastocyst stage and blastocyst sex ratio. In the first experiment, the percent of sperm that were motile was reduced by aging (P<0.001) and the reduction in motility was greater for sperm at 40 C compared to sperm at 38.5 C (P<0.01). In the second experiment, oocytes were inseminated with aged sperm. A smaller percent of oocytes fertilized with sperm aged at either temperature cleaved by Day 3 after insemination than oocytes fertilized with fresh sperm (P<0.05). There was no effect of sperm aging on the percent of oocytes or cleaved embryos that developed to the blastocyst stage. Aging of sperm before fertilization at 38.5 C reduced the percent of blastocysts that were male (P=0.08). In the third experiment, incubation of sperm at 38.5 C or 40 C for 4 h did not reduce fertilizing ability of sperm as determined by pronuclear formation at 18 h post insemination. In conclusion, aging of sperm reduced cleavage rate and the percent of blastocysts that were males but had no effect on the developmental capacity of the embryo. The effect of aging on cleavage rate may represent reduced motility and errors occurring after fertilization and pronuclear formation. Aging at a temperature characteristic of maternal hyperthermia had little additional effect except that polyspermy was reduced. Results indicate that embryo competence for development to the blastocyst stage is independent of sperm damage as a result of aging for 4 h at normothermic or hyperthermic temperatures. Key words: Aging, Bovine, Fertilization, Heat shock, Spermatozoa (J. Reprod. Dev. 55: [69][70][71][72][73][74] 2009) evelopmental competence of the mammalian embryo is dependent on genetic and non-genetic contributions from its parents [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Sperm could affect an embryo's competence for development if the timing of fertilization or early cleavage is delayed. For example, embryos produced by high-fertility bulls entered S-phase of the first cell cycle earlier and had a longer S-phase than those produced by low-fertility bulls [7]. In another study, spermatozoa from 50% of bulls identified as being of low fertility in artificial insemination studs experienced premature capacitation [8]. Damage to the macromolecular portions of the sperm that are incorporated by the embryo could also result in formation of embryos with reduced developmental competence. Among these sperm contributions are DNA, the centriole [9], and RNA [10]. Embryos fertilized with semen containing a high proportion of sperm with extensive DNA damage have reduced competence for development [11][12][13] but the importance of damage to the centriole or sperm RNA is not known.Damage to sperm can occur in the male reproductive tract or after deposition of sperm in the female. In bulls, for example, thermal...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Consequences for the Bovine Embryo of Being Derived from a Spermatozoon Subjected to Post-Ejaculatory Aging and Heat Shock: Development to the Blastocyst Stage and Sex Ratio

2009

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“…Nonetheless, there may be epigenetic changes in embryonic development associated with damage to the sperm in the reproductive tract. Insemination of rabbit does with sperm exposed to elevated temperature in vitro (Burfening & Ulberg 1968) or in the female reproductive tract (Howarth et al 1965) resulted in reduced preimplantation survival and, in one study (Burfening & Ulberg 1968), post-implantation survival. There is also evidence that X and Y spermatozoa are affected differentially by elevated temperature.…”

Section: The Male (A) Spermatogenesismentioning

confidence: 92%

Effects of heat stress on mammalian reproduction

Hansen

2009

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

579

417

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Heat stress can have large effects on most aspects of reproductive function in mammals. These include disruptions in spermatogenesis and oocyte development, oocyte maturation, early embryonic development, foetal and placental growth and lactation. These deleterious effects of heat stress are the result of either the hyperthermia associated with heat stress or the physiological adjustments made by the heat-stressed animal to regulate body temperature. Many effects of elevated temperature on gametes and the early embryo involve increased production of reactive oxygen species. Genetic adaptation to heat stress is possible both with respect to regulation of body temperature and cellular resistance to elevated temperature.

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“…can damage spermatogenesis, which may result in decreased sperm numbers and reduced sperm motility in the ram [5] and boar [6], normal fertilisation, but an increase in embryonic death in the pig [6], mouse [7][8][9], rabbit [10,11], sheep [12][13][14][15][16][17] and rat [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of paternal heat stress on the in vivo development of preimplantation embryos in the mouse

Zhu

Setchell

2004

Reprod. Nutr. Dev.

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-The objective of this study was to examine the effect of paternal heat stress on the in vivo development of preimplantation embryos in the mouse. Synchronised B6CBF1 female mice were mated either to a control male mouse or to one that had been exposed at 7, 21 or 35 days previously, for 24 h to an ambient temperature of 36 ± 0.3 °C and 66 ± 5.6% relative humidity. Embryos were collected from the oviducts of mice at 14-16 h, 34-39 h or 61-65 h after mating or from the uterus at 85-90 h after mating and their developmental status was evaluated morphologically. The number of cells within blastocysts was also determined using bisbenzimide-propidium iodide staining. Paternal heat stress 7 days before mating reduced the proportion of embryos developing from 4-cell (4-C) to morulae (M), hatched blastocysts, total blastocysts and the number of inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) cells in the blastocyst. Paternal heat stress 21 days prior to mating reduced the proportion of 2-C and 4-C to M embryos with no embryos developing to blastocysts. There were also increases in the number of 1-C and abnormal embryos recorded at this time. Paternal heat stress 35 days before mating decreased the proportion of 2-C embryos, expanded blastocysts and ICM and TE cells in the blastocyst. These results support previous work demonstrating that both the sperm in the epididymis and germ cells in the testis are susceptible to damage by environmental heat stress, with spermatocytes being the most vulnerable. This study also demonstrates that subtle effects on the male such as a short exposure to elevated environmental temperatures can translate to quite profound paternal impacts on early embryo development.paternal heat stress / in vivo development / mouse preimplantation embryos

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Embryonic Survival Subsequent to Culture of Rabbit Spermatozoa at 38 and 40 C

Cited by 53 publications

References 10 publications

Consequences for the Bovine Embryo of Being Derived from a Spermatozoon Subjected to Post-Ejaculatory Aging and Heat Shock: Development to the Blastocyst Stage and Sex Ratio

Consequences for the Bovine Embryo of Being Derived from a Spermatozoon Subjected to Post-Ejaculatory Aging and Heat Shock: Development to the Blastocyst Stage and Sex Ratio

Effects of heat stress on mammalian reproduction

Effects of paternal heat stress on the in vivo development of preimplantation embryos in the mouse

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