Embryos from "0PN" Zygotes May Be Most Likely 2PN Embryo in L-R-ICSI

Abstract

Although some zero pronuclei (0PN) zygotes cleave and develop into good embryos, they are usually discarded because they lack two distinct pronuclei (2PN). In this case report, we followed four couples to determine whether 0PN embryo could be used in late rescue intracytoplasmic sperm injection (L-R-ICSI). Here we report five healthy infants, including one set of twins, derived from "0PN" embryos from four frozen–warmed embryo transfer (FET) cycles in L-R-ICSI between 2015 and 2017. Of nine infants born from L-R-ICSI cycles in our center, five were "0PN" embryos, and all remain healthy. Embryos from "0PNs" such as 2PN can develop into healthy babies using L-R-ICSI. This finding suggests that embryos from "0PNs" in L-R-ICSI may be different from traditional 0PN gametes and more likely to originate from 2PN gametes and they may be used in those infertile couples who lack 2PN embryos, instead of discarding them. The use of "0PN" embryos increases the cycles reaching embryo transfer, allowing some infertile couples to have healthy children and to avoid mental anguish and wasted time and money.

Historical changes of phytoplankton community in Fuxian and Dianchi lakes recorded by alkyl diols and sterol biomarkers

“…Changes in this species can cause the migration and transformation of nutrients in the aquatic environment, thus changing the composition and concentration level of nutrients used by algal growth. As its change can also cause the algae itself to adjust enzyme activity, it directly affects the growth of algae (Zhang et al, 2020). Nitrogen and phosphorus are essential nutrients for the growth of algae.…”

A safer, greener and faster synthesis process of sodium azide by simply altering the alcohol reactant

“…Alcohol can be recycled throughout the process. According to the existing patents [5][6][7][8] and literature, 9,10 currently small molecule fatty alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, and isopropyl alcohol are generally chosen as the raw materials to produce sodium azide in laboratories and factories. This is because the reduction reaction of nitrite and hydrazine hydrate in the presence of NaOH aqueous solution is a typical liquid-liquid heterogeneous process.…”