Embryotoxicity and spermiotoxicity of nanosized ZnO for Mediterranean sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus

Nano-sized polystyrene affects feeding, behavior and physiology of brine shrimp Artemia franciscana larvae

“…Marine invertebrates are among the primary biological targets of nanoplastics, being exposed both to polymeric beads in suspension, as planktonic larvae, and to the fraction in sediments, as adult organisms (Manzo et al, 2013;Matranga and Corsi, 2012;Moore, 2006). Microplastics ingestion have been recently documented in several marine species including zooplankton therefore it is expected that they would be more severely exposed to nanosized floating debris (Chua et al, 2014;Cole et al, 2013;Lee et al, 2013;Murray and Cowie, 2011).…”

Accumulation and Embryotoxicity of Polystyrene Nanoparticles at Early Stage of Development of Sea Urchin Embryos Paracentrotus lividus

“…15,31,53 Mediterranean Sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816) is a key species of coastal ecosystems, diffused in the Mediterranean Sea. 54 This organism has been largely employed in ecotoxicological studies for evaluating many environmental stressors.…”

Developmental abnormalities and neurotoxicological effects of CuO NPs on the black sea urchin Arbacia lixula by embryotoxicity assay

“…Similar findings were documented by Gambardella et al (2013) as effects of exposure to different concentrations of nanosilver, titanium oxide and cobalt NPs on the sperm of the sea urchin P. lividus. Manzo et al (2013) investigated the toxic effects of three Zn-based substances on P. lividus embryos, and found among the most common abnormalities delayed/arrested development, exogastrulation, skeletal abnormalities and radialized plutei.…”

“…Several aspects make it a suitable model for embryotoxicity test such as the large number of eggs available, their transparent envelope and the synchronous development (Manzo, 2004). Recent works, although few in number, reported the use of gametes, embryos and/or larvae of sea urchins to evaluate the effects of engineered NPs (Falugi et al, 2012;Gambardella et al, 2013;Manzo et al, 2013;Matranga and Corsi, 2012).…”