EMDR Individual Protocol for Paraprofessional Use: A Randomized Controlled Trial With First Responders

Jarero, Ignacio; Amaya, Carolina; Givaudan, Martha; Miranda, Alaide

doi:10.1891/1933-3196.7.2.55

Cited by 41 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The fact that rural settings are nearly four times as likely as urban settings to be providing counseling through a non-degreed counselor, suggests that one such strategy would be identifying effective trauma treatments that can be implemented without a college education or with only a bachelor's degree. Both CPT and EMDR have developed modified versions of these interventions that have been used by paraprofessionals to effectively treat PTSD and related trauma symptoms (Bass et al, 2013;Jarero, Amaya, Givaudan, & Miranda, 2013;Plouffe, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Receptivity to Empirically Supported Treatments in Rape Crisis Centers

Edmond¹,

Schrag²

2017

ASW

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Keywords: Trauma; evidence-based practice; PTSD; rape; rape crisis centersSexual violence, including child sexual abuse, rape, sexual assault, and threat of sexual assault, is a serious and widespread problem in the United States. Data from the National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey find that nearly 1 in 2 women and 1 in 5 men have experienced sexual violence other than rape, while 1 in 5 women and 1 in 71 men have experienced rape in their lifetime (Black et al., 2011). Survivors of sexual violence face serious mental health consequences including PTSD, depression, anxiety, and substance abuse (Jordan, Campbell, & Follingstad, 2010).Although there is a strong evidence base for the effectiveness of several interventions at reducing trauma-induced PTSD, depression, and anxiety in survivors of sexual violence, there is low utilization of these interventions in Rape Crisis Centers (RCCs; Edmond, 2004;Edmond, Lawrence, & Voth Schrag, 2016). RCC counselors indicate they have limited familiarity with, knowledge about, or training in key evidence-based treatments (Edmond, 2004;Edmond et al., 2016). This is not unique to RCCs. Broadly speaking, there is an underutilization of evidence-based treatments in mental health service sectors. Numerous barriers to adoption of evidence-based treatments have been identified including: attitudes about evidence-based practice, intervention characteristics, costs, and access to training, supervision, and consultation (Aarons, 2004;Barnett et al., 2017;Beidas, Edmunds, Marcus & Kendall, 2012;Dorsey et al., 2017; Ragavan, 2012). In order to promote the use of effective treatments for PTSD in RCCs, the current study sought to assess RCC counselors' attitudes towards Evidence-Based Practices (EBPs) in general (i.e., how they feel about movement towards the use of EBPs), understand counselors' perceptions of specific Empirically Supported Treatments (ESTs) for PTSD, and evaluate any differences in attitudes and perceptions based on agency location (urban/rural) and counselor educational attainment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Receptivity to Empirically Supported Treatments in Rape Crisis Centers

Edmond¹,

Schrag²

2017

ASW

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“…EMDR-PRECI conceptualizes the adverse experience as an extended event, with a continuum of ongoing external stressful events with similar emotions and physical sensations, interfering with memory consolidation and creating a cumulative trauma exposure memory network of linked pathogenic memories with similar emotional, somatic, sensorial, and cognitive information, that extends into the present moment, and often producing maladaptive/catastrophic concerns about the future or flashforward [23][24][25][26]. For more information about this protocol, see Jarero, Artigas, and Luber [22].…”

Section: Emdr-precimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this RCT an adaptation of the EMDR-PRECI for paraprofessionals use in acute trauma situations named the EMDR Individual Protocol for Paraprofessional use (EMDR-PROPARA) was provided to 39 traumatized first responders on active duty randomly assigned to receive two 90-minute sessions of either EMDR-PROPARA or of supportive counseling [24]. Participants in the EMDR-PROPARA group showed benefits immediately after treatment, with their scores on the SPRINT showing further decreases at 3-month follow-up.…”

Section: Emdr-preci Previous Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

PTSD, Immunoglobulins, and Cortisol Changes after the Provision of the EMDR - PRECI to Females Patients with Cancer-Related PTSD Diagnosis

Estrada¹,

Angulo²,

Navarro³

et al. 2019

AJAP

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EMDR therapy administered to patients with cancer has proven to be effective in the reduction of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and PTSD diagnosis remission. The main objective of this study was to measure the PTSD scores and diagnosis changes before and after the provision of the EMDR-Protocol for Recent Critical Incidents and Ongoing Traumatic Stress (EMDR-PRECI) to female patients with cancer-related PTSD diagnosis. A secondary objective was to observe the immunoglobulins and the cortisol changes pre and post-treatment. Seven female patients with different types of cancer (5 breast, 1 colon, and 1 lymphatic cancer), different cancer treatments (radiation, chemotherapy, radiation, and chemotherapy), and PTSD diagnosis related to their diagnosis and cancer treatment met the inclusion criteria. Participants' age ranged from 40 to 57 years old (M = 52.28 years old). For PTSD diagnosis and total scores, we used the Global Assessment of Posttraumatic Stress Questionnaire validated for the Mexican population. Biomarkers (cortisol and immunoglobulins) were measured before and after EMDR treatment. For the neuroendocrine measure, we used the cortisol levels in the participant's blood. For the immunological measure, we used the Nephelometry technique. We measured the changes in the following types of antibodies (immunoglobulins): a) Immunoglobulin A (IgA), b) Immunoglobulin G (IgG), and c) Immunoglobulin M (IgM). EMDR-PRECI was provided by three licensed EMDR clinicians formally trained in the protocol administration. Each EMDR-PRECI session lasted 50-60 minutes. The minimum number of sessions was three and the maximum ten with an average of five. Treatment focused only on the distressing memories related to diagnosis and cancer treatment. No adverse effects were reported during treatment or at six months post-treatment assessment. Results showed a full PTSD diagnosis remission in all participants with significant differences for PTSD scores, t (6) = 2.44, p < .05. These results are in concordance with Carletto et al., study in which all patients treated with EMDR no longer met criteria for PTSD [12]. No significant differences were found for immunoglobulins or cortisol. We believe that the administration of the EMDR-PRECI could be an efficient and effective component of a psychosocial approach to reduce or eliminate cancer-related PTSD symptoms and diagnosis.

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“…Therefore, the continuum of external stressful events that creates a network of linked pathogenic memories [10] with similar emotional, somatic, sensorial, and cognitive information, does not give the state-dependent traumatic memory [11] sufficient time to consolidate into an integrated whole. Thus, the memory network remains in a permanent excitatory state as a short-term memory, expanding with each subsequent stressful event to the original adverse experience in this continuum; analogous to the ripple effect of a pebble thrown into a pond, creating a cumulative trauma exposure memory network [12] that extends into the present moment, and often producing maladaptive/catastrophic concerns about the future or flash-forwards [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Randomized Controlled Trial on the EMDR Integrative Group Treatment Protocol for Ongoing Traumatic Stress with Adolescents and Young Adults Patients with Cancer

Osorio¹,

Pérez²,

Tirado³

et al. 2018

AJAP

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The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the effectiveness of the EMDR-Integrative Group Treatment Protocol for Ongoing Traumatic Stress (EMDR-IGTP-OTS) in reducing posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, depression and anxiety symptoms related to the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Twenty-three adolescents and young adults (13 male and 10 female) with different types of cancer (breast, leukemia, lymphoma) and PTSD symptoms related to their diagnosis and cancer treatment met the inclusion criteria. Participants age ranged from 13 to 22 years old (M = 16.71 years). Participant's time since diagnosis varied from 2006 to 2018. Participants in treatment (N=11) and no-treatment control (N=12) groups completed pre, post, and follow up measurements using the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Data analysis by repeated measures ANOVA showed that the EMDR-IGTP-OTS was effective in significantly reducing symptoms of PTSD, anxiety, and depression, with symptoms maintained at 90-day follow-up and with large effect sizes (e.g., d=1.17). A comparison of the treatment and no-treatment control groups showed significantly greater decreases for the treatment group on symptoms of PTSD, anxiety, and depression. This study suggests that EMDR-IGTP-OTS may be an efficient and effective way to address cancer-related PTSD, depressive, and anxious symptoms in adolescents and young adults.

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EMDR Individual Protocol for Paraprofessional Use: A Randomized Controlled Trial With First Responders

Cited by 41 publications

References 42 publications

Assessing Receptivity to Empirically Supported Treatments in Rape Crisis Centers

Assessing Receptivity to Empirically Supported Treatments in Rape Crisis Centers

PTSD, Immunoglobulins, and Cortisol Changes after the Provision of the EMDR - PRECI to Females Patients with Cancer-Related PTSD Diagnosis

Randomized Controlled Trial on the EMDR Integrative Group Treatment Protocol for Ongoing Traumatic Stress with Adolescents and Young Adults Patients with Cancer

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