Emergence and Reemergence of Vaccinia-Like Viruses: Global Scenario and Perspectives

Singh, Raj Kumar; Balamurugan, V.; Bhanuprakash, V.; Venkatesan, Gnanavel; Hosamani, M.

doi:10.1007/s13337-012-0068-1

Cited by 54 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Cows are frequently infected by escaped VACV vaccine strains in India (also called buffalopox virus) and Brazil. [34][35][36] It is possible that the high sensitivity of cow PKR to K3 inhibition contributes to the frequent infections of cow with feral VACV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species‐specific inhibition of antiviral protein kinase R by capripoxviruses and vaccinia virus

Park

Chen

Brennan

et al. 2019

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase R (PKR) is an important and rapidly evolving antiviral kinase. Most poxviruses contain two distinct PKR inhibitors, called E3 and K3 in vaccinia virus (VACV), the prototypic orthopoxvirus. E3 prevents PKR homodimerization by binding double-stranded RNA, while K3 acts as a pseudosubstrate inhibitor by binding directly to activated PKR and thereby inhibiting interaction with its substrate eIF2␣. In our study here, we analyzed E3 and K3 orthologs from the phylogenetically distinct capripoxviruses (CaPVs), which include lumpy skin disease virus, sheeppox virus, and goatpox virus. Whereas the sheeppox virus E3 ortholog did not substantially inhibit PKR, all three CaPV K3 orthologs showed species-specific inhibition of PKR, with strong inhibition of sheep, goat, and human PKR but only weak inhibition of cow and mouse PKR. In contrast, VACV K3 strongly inhibited cow and mouse PKR but not sheep, goat, or human PKR. Infection of cell lines from the respective species with engineered VACV strains that contained different K3 orthologs showed a good correlation of PKR inhibition with virus replication and eIF2␣ phosphorylation. Our results show that K3 orthologs can have dramatically different effects on PKR of different species and indicate that effective PKR inhibition by K3 orthologs is crucial for virus replication.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species‐specific inhibition of antiviral protein kinase R by capripoxviruses and vaccinia virus

Park

Chen

Brennan

et al. 2019

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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“…Additional examples include ectromelia virus, a specific mouse pathogen (Esteban and Buller, 2005) and camelpox virus, which causes disease in camels and rarely infects humans (Bera et al, 2011). Although the original animal reservoir of VACV is unknown, zoonoses in Brazil and India are caused by strains that have become prevalent in rodents, cattle and buffalo (da Fonseca et al, 2011; Singh et al, 2012). Cowpox virus and monkeypox virus (MPXV) primarily infect rodents but can be transmitted to other animals as well as humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative live bioluminescence imaging of monkeypox virus dissemination in a wild-derived inbred mouse (Mus musculus castaneus) and outbred African dormouse (Graphiurus kelleni)

et al. 2015

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Monkeypox virus belongs to the Orthopoxvirus genus, infects rodents and monkeys in Africa, produces a smallpox-like zoonotic disease in humans, and has the potential for global spread and exploitation for bioterrorism. Several small animal models for studying monkeypox virus pathogenesis have been investigated. The African dormouse is a candidate natural host but is outbred and no immunological reagents exist. Although not a natural host, the CAST/EiJ mouse is inbred and animals and reagents are commercially available. We compared the dissemination of monkeypox virus by bioluminescence imaging in CAST/EiJ mice and dormice. In CAST/EiJ mice, intense replication occurred at the intranasal site of inoculation and virus spread rapidly to lungs and abdominal organs, which had a lower virus burden. Compared to CAST/EiJ mice, dormice exhibited a greater variation of virus spread, a slower time course, less replication in the head and chest, and more replication in abdominal organs prior to death.

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“…Therefore, the differential diagnosis between these poxviruses is important, particularly in countries where VACV infections are endemic such as Brazil and India or have been detected in occasional outbreaks such as Indonesia, Egypt and Nepal (Moussatche et al, 2008;Singh et al, 2012). The economical losses and occupational issues are especially relevant in Brazil, where there have been numerous reports of VACV-related diseases in dairy cattle and milkers over the last 15 years (Moussatche et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-step duplex polymerase chain reaction for the detection of swinepox and vaccinia viruses in skin lesions of swine with poxvirus-related disease

Medaglia

Sá

Corrêa

et al. 2015

Journal of Virological Methods

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Infection of pigs with swinepox virus (SWPV) was reported in Brazil in 2011. SWPV causes a systemic pustular disease in pigs and the symptoms are clinically indistinguishable from those caused by vaccinia virus (VACV) infection. Pigs infected with VACV have been reported in various countries; however, VACV is endemic in Brazil, India and other countries, where it affects mainly dairy cows, dairy buffaloes and dairy workers causing localized pustules. The transmission of VACV to other susceptible hosts has also been detected in Brazil. Therefore, VACV should be investigated as a possible etiologic agent of pustular skin disorders in pigs. This work describes the development of a one-step duplex assay to detect swinepox and vaccinia viruses simultaneously in skin lesions of pigs with generalized pustular disease. The investigation of VACV infection in pigs is important in countries where this zoonosis is endemic and should be differentiated from SWPV infection.

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Emergence and Reemergence of Vaccinia-Like Viruses: Global Scenario and Perspectives

Cited by 54 publications

References 35 publications

Species‐specific inhibition of antiviral protein kinase R by capripoxviruses and vaccinia virus

Species‐specific inhibition of antiviral protein kinase R by capripoxviruses and vaccinia virus

Comparative live bioluminescence imaging of monkeypox virus dissemination in a wild-derived inbred mouse (Mus musculus castaneus) and outbred African dormouse (Graphiurus kelleni)

One-step duplex polymerase chain reaction for the detection of swinepox and vaccinia viruses in skin lesions of swine with poxvirus-related disease

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