“…On top of that, the literature outlines the existence of several works on such a phenomenon: Some, made up of precursory works, focus on the description and characterization of T-HRM (Def elix et al, 2008(Def elix et al, , 2010(Def elix et al, , 2013 while others emphasize the identification and characterization of types of Territorial-HRM mechanisms of construction (Mazzilli, 2010(Mazzilli, , 2011Mazzilli and Pichault, 2015). But the most significant works deal with how territorial networks guide and structure a type of HRM extended to the territory (Bobulescu and Calamel, 2009;Bories-Azeau et al, 2008;Calamel et al, 2011Calamel et al, , 2016Calamel and Cateura, 2014;Colle et al, 2009;Everaere and Gl ee-Vermande, 2014;Loub es et al, 2012;Loub es and Bories-Azeau, 2016). From this point, it must be argued that these territorial networks with a "French or Westernstyle" such as Competitiveness Clusters or Local Productive Systems are assumed to be mostly formal in that they are governed by contractual links (Joyeau et al, 2019).…”