Emergence of a Latent Indian Cassava Mosaic Virus from Cassava Which Recovered from Infection by a Non-Persistent Sri Lankan Cassava Mosaic Virus

Karthikeyan, Chockalingam; Patil, Basavaprabhu L.; Borah, Bibha Chetia; Resmi, Thulasi Raveendrannair; Turco, Silvia; Pooggin, Mikhail M.; Höhn, Thomas; Veluthambi, K.

doi:10.3390/v8100264

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Also, some of the symptomless seedlings eventually succumbed to CMD at clonal evaluation. Scenarios of reemergence of latent Cassava mosaic virus have been observed previously from plants coinfected by two isolates, interacting in an antagonistic manner (Karthikeyan et al, 2016). One possible explanation would be that some seedlings had latent infection and eventually expressed CMD symptoms at clonal evaluation.…”

Section: Estimates Of Phenotypic and Genetic Correlations Among Traitsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Genetic Variation and Trait Correlations in an East African Cassava Breeding Population for Genomic Selection

et al. 2019

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Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a major source of dietary carbohydrates for >700 million people globally. However, its long breeding cycle has slowed the rate of genetic gain for target traits. This study aimed to asses genetic variation, the level of inbreeding, and trait correlations in genomic selection breeding cycles. We used phenotypic and genotypic data from the National Crops Resources Research Institute (NaCRRI) foundation population (Cycle 0, C0) and the progeny (Cycle 1, C1) derived from crosses of 100 selected C0 clones as progenitors, both to evaluate and optimize genomic selection. The highest broad‐sense heritability (H2 = 0.95) and narrow‐sense heritability (h2 = 0.81) were recorded for cassava mosaic disease severity and the lowest for root weight per plot (H2 = 0.06 and h2 = 0.00). We observed the highest genetic correlation (rg= 0.80) between cassava brown streak disease root incidence measured at seedling and clonal stages of evaluation, suggesting the usefulness of seedling data in predicting clonal performance for cassava brown streak root necrosis. Similarly, high genetic correlations were observed between cassava brown streak disease severity (rg= 0.83) scored at 3 and 6 mo after planting (MAP) and cassava mosaic disease, scored at 3 and 6 MAP (rg= 0.95), indicating that data obtained on these two diseases at 6 MAP would suffice. Population differentiation between C0 and C1 was not well defined, implying that the 100 selected progenitors of C1 captured the diversity in the C0. Overall, genetic gain for most traits were observed from C0 to C1.

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Section: Estimates Of Phenotypic and Genetic Correlations Among Traitsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Genetic Variation and Trait Correlations in an East African Cassava Breeding Population for Genomic Selection

et al. 2019

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“…In Africa, e.g., Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) transmits the viruses causing cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) and cassava mosaic disease (CMD), the latter also transmitted by this species in Southern Asia. Both CBSD and CMD annually cause losses of millions of dollars of cassava crops in both Africa and Indian subcontinent (Legg and Fauquet 2004, Ghosh et al 2015, Karthikeyan et al 2016).…”

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confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Diversity of Endosymbionts in Cassava Whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) From Colombia

Gómez‐Díaz

Lerma

Muñoz-Valencia

2019

Journal of Insect Science

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Whiteflies cause huge economic losses for cassava ( Manihot esculenta Crantz) cultivation. Damage can be caused directly when the insects feed on the phloem and/or indirectly by the transmission of viruses. It has been found that whiteflies maintain a close relationship with some endosymbiotic bacteria and that this interaction produces different effects on host biology and can also facilitate viral transmission. This study aimed to characterize the diversity of secondary endosymbionts (SE) present in whiteflies associated with cassava. Whitefly adults and nymphs were collected from cassava crops at nine locations in Southwestern Colombia. Molecular identification of insects and endosymbionts was carried out using specific mtCOI, wsp , 23s rRNA, and 16s rRNA primers. Phylogenetic trees were constructed from these sequences, both for whitefly species and the endosymbionts found. In addition, morphological identification of whitefly species was made using last instar nymphs. Molecular and morphological evaluation revealed that the most abundant whitefly species was Trialeurodes variabilis (Quaintance) followed by Aleurotrachelus socialis Bondar and Bemisia tuberculata Bondar. One hundred percent of the individuals contained the primary endosymbiont Portiera . The SE Rickettsia , Hamiltonella , Wolbachia, and Fritschea were not detected in the samples tested. Prevalence of Cardinium and Arsenophonus were variable at each locality, Cardinium being most prevalent in A. socialis adults. This study is the first report on the presence of Cardinium and Arsenophonus in A. socialis and T. variabilis . It is also the first report of endosymbiotic diversity in whiteflies associated with cassava in Colombia.

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“…This agreed with the earlier reports of surveys performed using PCR and PCR-RFLP [11,13] and reinforced the view that SLCMV is more widespread than ICMV in India. Interestingly, a study has recently shown evidence of a possible suppression of ICMV accumulation by SLCMV, in case of joint infection of naturally infected cassava plants collected from the state adjoining Tamil Nadu, Kerala; the ICMV emerging only after ''recovery'' of the plant from SLCMV infection [32]. Our present observation of low incidence of joint infection with both ICMV and SLCMV and previous reports [11,13] indicated that ICMV can co-exist with SLCMV in many plants, indicating the existence of possibly more interacting relationships between the two viruses, other than that reported [32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rolling circle amplification-based analysis of Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus isolates from Tamil Nadu, India, suggests a low level of genetic variability

2018

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Cassava mosaic disease is a widespread disease of cassava in south Asia and the African continent. In India, CMD is known to be caused by two single-stranded DNA viruses (geminiviruses), Indian cassava mosaic virus (ICMV) and Sri Lankan cassava mosdaic virus (SLCMV). Previously, the diversity of ICMV and SLCMV in India has been studied using PCR, a sequence-dependent method. To have a more in-depth study of the variability of the above viruses and to detect any novel geminiviruses associated with CMD, sequence-independent amplification using rolling circle amplification (RCA)-based methods were used. CMD affected cassava plants were sampled across eighty locations in nine districts of the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Twelve complete sequence of coat protein genes of the resident geminiviruses, comprising 256 amino acid residues were generated from the above samples, which indicated changes at only six positions. RCA followed by RFLP of the 80 samples indicated that most samples (47) contained only SLCMV, followed by 8, which were infected jointly with ICMV and SLCMV. In 11 samples, the pattern did not match the expected patterns from either of the two viruses and hence, were variants. Sequence analysis of an average of 700 nucleotides from 31 RCA-generated fragments of the variants indicated identities of 97-99% with the sequence of a previously reported infectious clone of SLCMV. The evidence suggests low levels of genetic variability in the begomoviruses infecting cassava, mainly in the form of scattered single nucleotide changes.

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Emergence of a Latent Indian Cassava Mosaic Virus from Cassava Which Recovered from Infection by a Non-Persistent Sri Lankan Cassava Mosaic Virus

Cited by 16 publications

References 42 publications

Genetic Variation and Trait Correlations in an East African Cassava Breeding Population for Genomic Selection

Genetic Variation and Trait Correlations in an East African Cassava Breeding Population for Genomic Selection

Prevalence and Diversity of Endosymbionts in Cassava Whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) From Colombia

Rolling circle amplification-based analysis of Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus isolates from Tamil Nadu, India, suggests a low level of genetic variability

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