Emergence of a new type of porcine circovirus in swine (PCV): A type 1 and type 2 PCV recombinant

Gagnon, Carl A.; Music, Nedzad; Fontaine, G.; Tremblay, Donald; Harel, Josée

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.09.072

Cited by 60 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…There were several (Gagnon et al, 2010;Kim et al, 2009;Ramos et al, 2013). The suspected recombinants were also detected in PiCV capsid gene in Hungary (Cságola et al, 2012).…”

Section: Divergences Driven By Positive Selectionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Recurrent positive selection and heterogeneous codon usage bias events leading to coexistence of divergent pigeon circoviruses

Liao

Wang

Tsai

et al. 2015

Journal of General Virology

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“…There were several (Gagnon et al, 2010;Kim et al, 2009;Ramos et al, 2013). The suspected recombinants were also detected in PiCV capsid gene in Hungary (Cságola et al, 2012).…”

Section: Divergences Driven By Positive Selectionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Recurrent positive selection and heterogeneous codon usage bias events leading to coexistence of divergent pigeon circoviruses

Liao

Wang

Tsai

et al. 2015

Journal of General Virology

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“…In an effort to identify the PCV2 subtypes associated with the swine CAFOs, we amplified from the sample DNAs by PCR a ∼300 bp highly variable (capsid protein) region of the PCV2 genome, cloned the products and sequenced ∼400 representative clones. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequences (Figure 4) indicates that several PCV2 relatedness groups, subspecies, occurred in the two swine facilities, including subspecies variously termed PCV2, PCV2a, PCV2b, PCV1/2a, and PCV2e (Morozov et al 1998;Olvera et al 2007;Gagnon et al 2010;Beach et al 2010;Takahagi et al 2010). No novel PCV2 clades were detected.…”

Section: Analysis Of Aerosolized Virusesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Molecular Analysis of Bacterial and Circovirus Bioaerosols in Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations

Evgrafov

Kõll

Frank

et al. 2013

Aerosol Science and Technology

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Respiratory illnesses are a significant cause of morbidity for individuals who work within concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs); however, most available information about CAFO aerobiology has derived from culture-based studies, which may detect only a small fraction of microbial diversity present. In this study, we characterized the identity, spatial distribution, and abundance of airborne microorganisms present in swine and dairy CAFOs using direct microscopy, broad-range rRNA PCR, and sequence analysis of air samples collected from within and nearby swine and cattle operations in the western United States. We report that indoor airborne bacterial loads were not elevated above those measured immediately outdoors. The microbial assemblage of these indoor environments was considerably more diverse than reported in previous CAFO aerosol studies. Members of bacterial genera associated with animal gut microbiota, including Bacillus spp., Clostridium spp., and Lachnospira spp., were most frequently observed. We detected no recognized, acute respiratory pathogens, but identified the common opportunistic pathogen Aerococcus viridans in several samples. Fungal species were not recovered in any of the indoor clone libraries. Specific PCR assay for porcine circovirus demonstrated that this pathogen is prevalent in the atmosphere of swine environments sampled, but was not detected in the bovine dairy facilities.

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“…According to the manufacturer, this product provides protection against PCV2 challenge 3 weeks (two-dose application) or 6 weeks (one-dose application) postvaccination for up to 4 months duration. This product was voluntarily removed from the market in May 2010 due to concerns regarding the inactivation process (13) and was reintroduced to the market in August 2011.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Vaccination of 5-Day-Old Piglets

O'Neill

Shen

Lin

et al. 2011

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) vaccines have become widely used since they became available in 2006. It is not uncommon for producers to use PCV2 vaccines in pigs younger than what is approved by manufacturers. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of a chimeric and a subunit PCV2 vaccine administered at 5 or 21 days of age. Forty-eight PCV2-naïve piglets were randomly divided into six groups of eight pigs each. Vaccination was done at day 5 or day 21, followed by triple challenge with PCV2, porcine parvovirus (PPV), and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) at day 49. Vaccinated pigs seroconverted to PCV2 approximately 14 days postvaccination and had a detectable neutralizing antibody response by 21 days postvaccination regardless of age at vaccination. At day 49, the pigs vaccinated with the chimeric vaccine had significantly higher levels of neutralizing antibodies than the pigs vaccinated with the subunit vaccine. After challenge, vaccinated pigs had significantly decreased levels of PCV2 viremia and a decreased prevalence and severity of microscopic lesions compared to the positive-control group, which had severe lymphoid lesions associated with abundant PCV2 antigen, compatible with PCV-associated disease. The results of this study indicate that, under the conditions of this study, vaccination of PCV2-naïve pigs at day 5 or day 21 resulted in development of a detectable humoral immune response and provided reduction or complete protection against PCV2 viremia and PCV2-associated lesions after triple challenge with PCV2, PPV, and PRRSV.

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Emergence of a new type of porcine circovirus in swine (PCV): A type 1 and type 2 PCV recombinant

Cited by 60 publications

References 16 publications

Recurrent positive selection and heterogeneous codon usage bias events leading to coexistence of divergent pigeon circoviruses

Recurrent positive selection and heterogeneous codon usage bias events leading to coexistence of divergent pigeon circoviruses

Molecular Analysis of Bacterial and Circovirus Bioaerosols in Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations

Studies on Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Vaccination of 5-Day-Old Piglets

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