Emergence of a virulent porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) 1 strain in Lower Austria

Sinn, Leonie; Klingler, Eva; Lamp, Benjamin; Brunthaler, René; Weissenböck, Herbert; Rümenapf, Till; Ladinig, Andrea

doi:10.1186/s40813-016-0044-z

Cited by 36 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The most common pathogens detected in this study were IAV followed by Mhyo, which are also considered pathogens of major relevance in PRDC in other countries (Opriessnig et al., ). PRRS plays an important role in PRDC resulting in significant economic losses in North America, Europe and China (Choi et al., ; Liu et al., ; Sinn et al., ); however, in our study, PRRSV was not detected, consisted with Brazil's PRRS‐free status (Ciacci‐Zanella et al., ). Seventy per cent of the samples were from nursery pigs, the age group considered as at greatest risk for infections due to the waning of maternal antibodies (Van Reeth, Brown, & Olsen, ) and increased stress caused by intermingling of piglets from different farms, as part of the management practices in Brazilian swine production system.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 64%

Porcine respiratory disease complex after the introduction of H1N1/2009 influenza virus in Brazil

Rech

Gava

Silva³

et al. 2017

Zoonoses and Public Health

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 64%

Porcine respiratory disease complex after the introduction of H1N1/2009 influenza virus in Brazil

Rech

Gava

Silva³

et al. 2017

Zoonoses and Public Health

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“…However, some recent isolates (e.g. from Italy, Belgium, and Austria) may indicate a trend towards increasing virulence of subtype 1 [ 15 – 17 ]. The challenge strain used in this study, Olot/91, has been shown to be very aggressive when used in a reproductive model [ 13 ] but induces a mild disease in young pigs [ 18 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccination of 1-day-old pigs with a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) modified live attenuated virus vaccine is able to overcome maternal immunity

Balasch¹,

Fort²,

Taylor

et al. 2018

Porc Health Manag

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BackgroundThe objective of the study was to evaluate the influence of maternally derived antibodies (MDA) on the efficacy of a PRRSV-1 based attenuated vaccine, when administered in 1 day-old piglets by the intramuscular route. The protective immunity of the modified live virus vaccine was evaluated in pigs born from seropositive sows, vaccinated at 1 day of age, upon inoculation with a PRRSV-1 isolate. The animals were challenged when the levels of MDAs detected by seroneutralization test (SNT) in the non-vaccinated control group became undetectable (10 weeks after vaccination).ResultsA protective effect of vaccination was observed since a significant reduction of viral load in serum compared to the control group was detected in all sampling days after challenge; efficacy was supported by the significant reduction of nasal and oral shedding as well as in rectal temperatures. Clinical signs were not expected after the inoculation of a PRRSV-1 subtype 1 challenge strain. However, the challenge virus was able to develop fever in 61% of the control pigs. Vaccination had a positive impact on rectal temperatures since the percentage of pigs that had fever at least once after challenge was reduced to 31% in vaccinated animals, and control pigs had significantly higher rectal temperatures than vaccinated pigs 3 days post-challenge. The lack of a vaccination effect in body weight gain was probably due to the short evaluation period after challenge (10 days). In the vaccinated group, 9/16 pigs (56%) experienced an increase in ELISA S/P ratio from the day of vaccination to 67 days post-vaccination. All vaccinated pigs were seropositive before challenge, indicating the development of an antibody response following vaccination even in the face of MDAs. In contrast to ELISA results, only 2/16 vaccinated pigs developed neutralizing antibodies detectable by a SNT that used a subtype 1 MA-104 adapted strain. Even in the absence of SN antibodies, vaccinated pigs were protected from challenge with a heterologous strain. The role of cell-mediated immunity should be considered, if protection was not mediated by SN antibodies only.ConclusionsThe efficacy of the attenuated PRRSV-1 vaccine in 1-day-old pigs seropositive to PRRSV prior to a PRRSV-1 challenge was demonstrated by improvement of clinical, virological and immunological variables. With the current experimental design, maternal immunity did not interfere with the development of a protective immune response against a PRRSV-1 challenge, after vaccination of 1 day-old pigs. Confirmation of these results under field conditions will be needed.

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“…In general, there are limiting data that link specific genetic traits with pathogenicity for any PRRSV strain (van Geelen et al, 2018). Nevertheless, data from experimental infections sustain that some PRRSV-1 strains have increased virulence, measured as aggravating clinical signs, severe macroscopic lung lesions and/or enhanced onset, peak and duration of viremia (Karniychuk et al, 2010;Sinn et al, 2016;Stadejek et al, 2017).…”

Section: F I G U R Ementioning

confidence: 99%

A recombination between two Type 1 Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV‐1) vaccine strains has caused severe outbreaks in Danish pigs

Kvisgaard

Kristensen

Ryt-Hansen

et al. 2020

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is prevalent in Danish swine herds. In July 2019, PRRSV‐1 was detected in a PRRSV‐negative boar station and subsequently spread to more than 38 herds that had received semen from the boar station. Full genome sequencing revealed a sequence of 15.098 nucleotides. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the strain was a recombination between the Amervac strain (Unistrain PRRS vaccine; Hipra) and the 96V198 strain (Suvaxyn PRRS; Zoetis AH). The major parent was the 96V198 strain that spanned ORFs 1–2 and part of ORF 3 and the minor parent was the Amervac strain, which constituted the remaining part of the genome. The virus seems to be highly transmissible and has caused severe disease in infected herds despite a high level of genetic identity to the attenuated parent strains. The source of infection was presumable a neighbouring farm situated 5.8 km from the boar station.

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Emergence of a virulent porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) 1 strain in Lower Austria

Cited by 36 publications

References 33 publications

Porcine respiratory disease complex after the introduction of H1N1/2009 influenza virus in Brazil

Porcine respiratory disease complex after the introduction of H1N1/2009 influenza virus in Brazil

Vaccination of 1-day-old pigs with a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) modified live attenuated virus vaccine is able to overcome maternal immunity

A recombination between two Type 1 Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV‐1) vaccine strains has caused severe outbreaks in Danish pigs

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