Emergence of Culicoides obsoletus from indoor and outdoor breeding sites

Ninio, Camille; Augot, Denis; Dufour, Barbara; Depaquit, Jérôme

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.07.020

Cited by 33 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…In our study, the overall sex ratio was unbalanced towards females, which is also observed for other studies [14, 32]. The numbers of emerged individuals and the composition of Culicoides spp.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…In the Oriental and Australasian regions, C. brevitarsis larvae are mainly found associated with cattle dung [27, 28] unlike those of C. oxystoma which are found in aquatic and semi-aquatic habitats, such as paddy fields, stream edges, pond margins or estuary [28–30]. Larvae of the BTV vector species belonging to the subgenus Avaritia in the Palaearctic region ( C. obsoletus , C. scoticus , C. dewulfi , C. chiopterus and C. dewulfi ) are usually mentioned in the literature associated with cattle dung or cattle/sheep farm environment [13, 25, 31, 32], whereas C. obsoletus and C. scoticus could occupy a wide range of habitats inside and outside farm buildings [13, 32]. Culicoides chiopterus and C. dewulfi showed preferences for high soil moisture [33] and are referred as cattle dung breeders [34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Insight on the larval habitat of Afrotropical Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in the Niayes area of Senegal, West Africa

Bakhoum

Fall

et al. 2016

Parasites Vectors

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BackgroundCertain biting midges species of the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are vectors of virus to livestock worldwide. Culicoides larval ecology has remained overlooked because of difficulties to identify breeding sites, methodological constraints to collect samples and lack of morphological tools to identify field-collected individuals to the species level. After the 2007 unforeseen outbreaks of African horse sickness virus (AHSV) in Senegal (West Africa), there is a need to identify suitable and productive larval habitats in horse farms for the main Culicoides species to evaluate the implementation of vector control measures or preventive actions.MethodsWe investigate twelve putative larval habitats (habitat types) of Culicoides inside and outside of three horse farms in the Niayes area of Senegal using a combination of flotation and emergence methods during four collection sessions.ResultsAmong the three studied horse farms, three habitat types were found positive for Culicoides larvae: pond edge, lake edge and puddle edge. A total of 1420 Culicoides individuals (519♂/901♀) belonging to ten species emerged from the substrate samples. Culicoides oxystoma (40 %), C. similis (25 %) and C. nivosus (24 %) were the most abundant species and emerged from the three habitat types while C. kingi (5 %) was only retrieved from lake edges and one male emerged from puddle edge. Culicoides imicola (1.7 %) was found in low numbers and retrieved only from pond and puddle edges.ConclusionsLarval habitats identified were not species-specific. All positive larval habitats were found outside the horse farms. This study provides original baseline information on larval habitats of Culicoides species in Senegal in an area endemic for AHSV, in particular for species of interest in animal health. These data will serve as a point of reference for future investigations on larval ecology and larval control measures.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insight on the larval habitat of Afrotropical Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in the Niayes area of Senegal, West Africa

Bakhoum

Fall

et al. 2016

Parasites Vectors

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“…Finally, most of Culicoides females collected indoors in host-baited traps may have been host-seeking females. However, the low number of gravid C. obsoletus indoors suggest than some females may enter into sheds to oviposit, as illustrated by the possibility to find Culicoides larvae indoors [27], [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host-Seeking Activity of Bluetongue Virus Vectors: Endo/Exophagy and Circadian Rhythm of Culicoides in Western Europe

et al. 2012

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Feeding success of free-living hematophagous insects depends on their ability to be active when hosts are available and to reach places where hosts are accessible. When the hematophagous insect is a vector of pathogens, determining the components of host-seeking behavior is of primary interest for the assessment of transmission risk. Our aim was to describe endo/exophagy and circadian host-seeking activity of Palaearctic Culicoides species, which are major biting pests and arbovirus vectors, using drop traps and suction traps baited with four sheep, as bluetongue virus hosts. Collections were carried out in the field, a largely-open stable and an enclosed stable during six collection periods of 24 hours in April/May, in late June and in September/October 2010 in western France. A total of 986 Culicoides belonging to 13 species, mainly C. brunnicans and C. obsoletus, was collected on animal baits. Culicoides brunnicans was clearly exophagic, whereas C. obsoletus was able to enter stables. Culicoides brunnicans exhibited a bimodal pattern of host-seeking activity with peaks just after sunrise and sunset. Culicoides obsoletus was active before sunset in spring and autumn and after sunset in summer, thus illustrating influence of other parameters than light, especially temperature. Description of host-seeking behaviors allowed us to discuss control strategies for transmission of Culicoides-borne pathogens, such as bluetongue virus. However, practical vector-control recommendations are difficult to provide because of the variation in the degree of endophagy and time of host-seeking activity.

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“…Ils sont par conséquent susceptibles de réaliser leur repas sanguin sur une large gamme d'hôtes, dont les ovins. La chaleur dégagée par les (Zimmer et al 2008a(Zimmer et al , 2010Ninio et al 2011b;Zimmer et al 2013aZimmer et al , 2013cZimmer et al 2014); il pourrait en être de même pour les exploitations ovines. En 2007, Baylis et al (2010) ont par contre capturé -via une approche standardisée intégrant la présence ou l'absence du bétail à proximité du piège lumineux -plus de culicoïdes à l'extérieur qu'à l'intérieur de quatre fermes mixtes (bovins et ovins) situées au nord du Pays de Galles ; les auteurs observent que la différence de capture intérieur/extérieur est influencée par la période de l'année et que ces moucherons sont plus nombreux en présence du bétail.…”

Section: Traitement Des éChantillons Et Analyseunclassified

Comparaison des populations deCulicoidesLatreille 1809 (Diptera : Ceratopogonidae) présentes au sein d’une bergerie belge et d’une prairie ovine associée

Zimmer¹,

Losson²,

Saegerman³

et al. 2013

Annales de la Société entomologique de France (N.S.)

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Summary. Comparison of Culicoides Latreille 1809 populations (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) present inside a Belgian sheepfold and a nearby sheep meadow. Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) serve as biological vectors for several pathogens, including the Bluetongue virus and the recently described Schmallenberg virus in northern Europe. These diseases have caused considerable direct and indirect economic losses to the sheep and cattle industries. This study undertaken between August and December 2007 on a sheep farm in the Namur province (Belgium) aims to evaluate Culicoides populations present inside a partially opened sheepfold and in a nearby sheep meadow, using light traps. The comparative analysis of insects trapped at 18 dates at regular intervals showed that Culicoides were most abundant inside this livestock building (17,450 midges) than in surrounding meadow (1,121 midges); this meadow had however a greater species diversity. The two species C. obsoletus and C. scoticus constituting the Obsoletus complex predominated for all trappings and females were much more numerous than males. Important capture of engorged females of the Obsoletus complex inside the sheepfold seems to reflect the possibility of an opportunistic endophagous behavior. Maintaining sheep inside livestock buildings in order to reduce the risk of Culicoides bites -and thus of pathogens transmission -however requires to limit biting midge populations which are likely to enter or to develop inside these buildings. Implementation of effective sanitation and hygiene measures against midges present inside farms, as well as establishing of measures to protect livestock against intrusion and improvement of "midge-proofing" of animal housing are therefore highly recommended.Résumé. Les moucherons piqueurs du genre Culicoides (Diptera : Ceratopogonidae) sont les vecteurs biologiques de nombreux agents pathogènes, dont les virus de la fièvre catarrhale ovine et de Schmallenberg, récemment décrits en Europe du Nord. Ces maladies ont engendré des pertes économiques considérables dans les cheptels ovin et bovin. Cette étude, entreprise d'août à décembre 2007 au sein d'une exploitation ovine de la province de Namur (Belgique), vise à évaluer, au moyen de pièges lumineux, les populations de Culicoides présentes à l'intérieur d'une bergerie partiellement ouverte et au sein d'une pâture ovine avoisinante. L'analyse comparative des insectes capturés à 18 dates à intervalles réguliers montre que les culicoïdes sont plus abondants à l'intérieur du bâtiment d'élevage (17.450 individus) que dans la prairie voisine (1.121 individus); celle-ci présente toutefois une plus grande diversité spécifique. Les deux espèces C. obsoletus et C. scoticus constituant le complexe Obsoletus sont majoritaires pour l'ensemble des piégeages et les femelles se montrent bien plus nombreuses que les mâles. L'importante capture de femelles gorgées de sang (complexe Obsoletus) à l'intérieur de la bergerie traduit la possibilité d'un comportement endophage opportuniste. L...

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Emergence of Culicoides obsoletus from indoor and outdoor breeding sites

Cited by 33 publications

References 10 publications

Insight on the larval habitat of Afrotropical Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in the Niayes area of Senegal, West Africa

Insight on the larval habitat of Afrotropical Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in the Niayes area of Senegal, West Africa

Host-Seeking Activity of Bluetongue Virus Vectors: Endo/Exophagy and Circadian Rhythm of Culicoides in Western Europe

Comparaison des populations deCulicoidesLatreille 1809 (Diptera : Ceratopogonidae) présentes au sein d’une bergerie belge et d’une prairie ovine associée

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