Emergence of currents as a transient quantum effect in nonequilibrium systems

Granot, Er'el; Marchewka, Avi

doi:10.1103/physreva.84.032110

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…, there another universal approximation is available [15,18]: (17) where the prime stands for / d dx . It can be seen from Eqs.…”

Section: Sharp Boundaries and The Paraxial Diffraction Integralmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analytical solutions for beams passing apertures with sharp boundaries

Luz¹,

Granot²,

Malomed³

2016

J. Opt.

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An approximation is elaborated for the paraxial propagation of diffracted beams, with both one-and twodimensional cross sections, which are released from apertures with sharp boundaries. The approximation applies to any beam under the condition that the thickness of its edges is much smaller than any other length scale in the beam's initial profile. The approximation can be easily generalized for any beam whose initial profile has several sharp features. Therefore, this method can be used as a tool to investigate the diffraction of beams on complex obstacles. The analytical results are compared to numerical solutions and experimental findings, which demonstrates high accuracy of the approximation. For an initially uniform field confined by sharp boundaries, this solution becomes exact for any propagation distance and any sharpness of the edges. Thus, it can be used as an efficient tool to represent the beams, produced by series of slits with a complex structure, by a simple but exact analytical solution.

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“…, there another universal approximation is available [15,18]: (17) where the prime stands for / d dx . It can be seen from Eqs.…”

Section: Sharp Boundaries and The Paraxial Diffraction Integralmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(16), while the continuous input with a discontinuity in the first derivative gives rise only to 3/2 z in Eq. (17). 3) In relevant physical settings, boundaries of the initial beam's profile may be very sharp, but they are never truly singular.…”

Section: The Analytical Approximationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical solutions for beams passing apertures with sharp boundaries

Luz¹,

Granot²,

Malomed³

2016

J. Opt.

Self Cite

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“…Recent progress in laser technology has led to the creation of various types of atomic traps, among them a quasi-one-dimensional "box" potential, in which atoms are confined between two laser-induced walls (end caps) [7]. For high laser intensities, the atomic wave functions are sharply localized inside the box [8], with only small exponential tails penetrating into the end cap laser beams. Long-and medium-time evolution of few-atom states when one of the two end cap lasers is weakened or removed was studied in Refs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anomalous Zeno effect for sharply localized atomic states

2012

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We analyze the nonquadratic in time Zeno effect which arises when a few-atom state initially trapped between two high laser-induced barriers is briefly released to free evolution. We identify the Zeno time, analyze the energy distributions of those atoms which have escaped and those that remained inside the trap, and obtain a simple relation between the survival and nonescape probabilities. The relevant time scales are such that the effect would be observable for the atomic species used in current laser experiments.

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“…Furthermore, assume that the laser is modulated by (smooth) rectangular pulses then the envelope of the electromagnetic field can be written (this formulas were derived in Ref.13 as the optical equivalence of the quantum dispersion analysis that was derived in (Granot & Marchewka, 2011;Granot & Marchewka, 2005;Marchewka, Granot, & Schuss, 2007))…”

Section: Mathematical and Physical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this case the exact solution of the signal at the other end of the fiber can be written directly without any approximation (Granot, Luz, & Marchewka, 2012;Granot & Marchewka, 2011) …”

Section: Mathematical and Physical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eavesdropping and Network Analyzing Using Network Dispersion

Marciano¹,

Ben-Ezra²,

Granot³

2015

APR

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The dispersion effect in an optical network is utilized in several applications. The pattern of the received signal is matched to a pre-prepared data bank. Useful data can be retrieved from this by data matching. It is demonstrated that in a Time-Division-Multiplexing configuration, not only that the data can be retrieved but also the data of the adjacent detectors, i.e., this method can be utilized for optical eavesdropping. Moreover, it is also shown that this method can be utilized as an affordable method to synchronize the data stream and to find the length of the dispersive fiber (or, for a given fiber length, this method can be used to measure the fiber's dispersion coefficient). One of the benefits of this method is that it can operate, while the network is running without deteriorating its performances. The conclusions are based on theoretical and numerical analysis as well as on experimental results. Keywords: dispersion compensation devices, fiber optics communications, fibers, single-mode, dispersion compensation devices IntroductionDispersion is one of the main obstacles to optical communications. In fact, as optical fiber communication has developed and problems related to attenuation have been addressed by using low attenuation fibers (like the ubiquitous smf 28) and relatively low cost amplifiers (mostly Erbium doped fiber amplifiers (Desurvire et al., 2002)), the main hindrance in the optical communication line is dispersion (Ramachandran, 2010). When a pulse propagates in a dispersive medium, such as an optical fiber, it is deformed. As a consequence, the pulse, which indicates a specific digital bit, exceeds the allotted time slot, and therefore beyond a certain distance, the signal data cannot be recovered.There are numerous means to mitigate the dispersion effects, either by hardware elements, like Dispersion Compensating Fibers (Ramachandran, 2010), or by software, such as DSP methods, which are incorporated in coherent detection (Shieh & Djordjevic, 2010). From this perspective, dispersion is a negative phenomenon which should be fixed. However, dispersion may have some very useful characteristics; for example, dispersion is used to mitigate the influence of nonlinear effects.In this work dispersion addresses several applications.In the first application, dispersion is used to decode data from neighboring bits in a Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM) network (Prat, 2010). TDM is used in many networks, where there is large gap between the fiber's data capacity and the capacity of the network's end elements. For example, in ordinary optical communication line, the fiber can carry more than 1Tb/s, while a single transmitter or receiver can process only a fraction of that rate (usually several 10Gb/s).To be more specific, we are referring to interleaved TDM, in a system with Q interleaved channels transmitted at an aggregate bit rate of QB b/s (see Figure 1 for Q=4). Each receiver has an output bit rate of B b/s and gets similar optical signal as other receivers, but only measures every Q'...

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Emergence of currents as a transient quantum effect in nonequilibrium systems

Cited by 12 publications

References 27 publications

Analytical solutions for beams passing apertures with sharp boundaries

Analytical solutions for beams passing apertures with sharp boundaries

Anomalous Zeno effect for sharply localized atomic states

Eavesdropping and Network Analyzing Using Network Dispersion

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