Emergence of Delayed Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Related to Sexual Trauma: Patient-Centered and Trauma-Cognizant Management by Physical Therapists

Dunleavy, Kim; Slowik, Amy Kubo

doi:10.2522/ptj.20100344

Cited by 27 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The most common suggestions for mitigating distress given by survivors were assessing whether patients feel comfortable (Coles & Jones, 2009;Muzik et al, 2013) and allowing for breaks or stopping procedures when patients feel overwhelmed (Coles & Jones, 2009;Dunleavy & Kubo Slowik, 2012;Roberts et al, 1999;Seng & Hassinger, 1998). Similarly, Averbuch and Spatz (2009) recommend that postpartum nurses provide reassurance and support to female survivors of sexual abuse in stopping breastfeeding if they find the associated sensations distressing (Averbuch & Spatz, 2009).…”

Section: Minimizing Distress and Maximizing Autonomymentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Across women's health disciplines (i.e., gynecology, obstetrics, and midwifery), theoretical articles presented very similar conclusions and implications for practice as empirical articles, and were excluded in favor of the empirical ones, including those that reviewed the literature or research. Theoretical articles from other disciplines, such as a narrative report on caring for a physical therapy patient (Dunleavy & Kubo Slowik, 2012), are included because empirical publications from these disciplines were not available at the time of this search. I retained 20 articles for full-text review, and scanned the bibliographies of the selected articles to identify six additional publications.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Providers may need to make extra efforts to help patients who experience dissociation, a common manifestation of trauma in which the survivor becomes unresponsive and disengaged in a situation that causes them distress (Draucker & Spradlin, 2001;Dunleavy & Kubo Slowik, 2012;Heritage, 1998). Research indicates that providers and patients may address dissociation in different ways.…”

Section: Minimizing Distress and Maximizing Autonomymentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Draucker and Spradlin (2001) noted that patients who experience dissociation might need written information regarding examination results or instructions for follow-up care. In contrast, physical therapists working with a female survivor of sexual abuse used verbal techniques to help the patient maintain focus because her engagement was critical to providing care (Dunleavy & Kubo Slowik, 2012). Oncology nurses taught a female CSA survivor techniques to remain mentally present during procedures (Wygant, Hui, & Bruera, 2011).…”

Section: Minimizing Distress and Maximizing Autonomymentioning

confidence: 97%

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A Synthesis of the Literature on Trauma-Informed Care

Reeves

2015

Issues in Mental Health Nursing

286

237

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Patients with a history of traumatic life events can become distressed or re-traumatized as the result of healthcare experiences. These patients can benefit from trauma-informed care that is sensitive to their unique needs. However, despite the widespread prevalence of traumatic life experiences such as sexual assault and intimate partner violence, trauma-informed care has not been widely researched or implemented. The purpose of this synthesis of the literature is to examine existing research on trauma-informed care for survivors of physical and sexual abuse. The following themes are discussed: trauma screening and patient disclosure, provider-patient relationships, minimizing distress and maximizing autonomy, multidisciplinary collaboration and referrals, and trauma-informed care in diverse settings. This synthesis also explores implications for trauma-informed care research, practice and policy. The themes identified here could be used as a framework for creating provider and survivor educational interventions and for implementing trauma-informed care across disciplines. The findings of this synthesis support further research on patient and provider experiences of trauma-informed care, and research to test the efficacy of trauma-informed care interventions across healthcare settings. Universal implementation of trauma-informed care can ensure that the unique needs of trauma survivors as patients are met, and mitigate barriers to care and health disparities experienced by this vulnerable population.

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Section: Minimizing Distress and Maximizing Autonomymentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Minimizing Distress and Maximizing Autonomymentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Minimizing Distress and Maximizing Autonomymentioning

confidence: 97%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Synthesis of the Literature on Trauma-Informed Care

Reeves

2015

Issues in Mental Health Nursing

286

237

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The use of CBT techniques during physical therapy treatment might involve direct explanation of the extent of physiological triggers and the understanding or normalization of the responses while providing reassurance that further damage or threat is not possible. 177 This would also require slow progression of physical stress and initial avoidance of physical triggers followed by slow reintroduction and exposure using trauma-cognizant care. Cognitive-behavioral therapy has been shown to normalize activity of the cingulate and prefrontal cortexes as well as in the Hip.…”

Section: Interventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of associative learning and fear in the development of chronic pain – a comparison of chronic pain and post-traumatic stress disorder

Sueki

Dunleavy

Puentedura

et al. 2014

Physical Therapy Reviews

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Background: Associative learning is the theory that two stimuli can be paired to produce similar behavioral responses. In this model, a previously innocuous stimulus can become paired with a noxious stimulus to a point that this previously innocuous stimulus can result in the perception of pain. Objectives: This review discusses concepts related to neural activation and structural alterations in the presence of both chronic pain and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The role of associative learning and protective memory-based behavioral responses in the perception of pain is explored to provide a framework to inform clinical management of individuals with chronic pain and will be linked to the presence of actual or perceived threat or fear. Major Findings: Current research demonstrates that in individuals with chronic pain, cortical and subcortical processing of information shifts from normal nocioceptive processing areas to the medial prefrontal, anterior cingulate, and insular cortices, as well as the hippocampus (Hip) regions, all of which also show dysregulation, signs of gray matter atrophy, and changes in epigenetic coding. Because these regions are involved in memory, emotional processing, learning, and conditioning, it is reasonable to suggest that associative learning may be involved in the processing of both pain and PTSD. Conclusions: Clinically, rehabilitation paradigms that incorporate early intervention, positive expectation, therapeutic neuroscience education, visual imagery, movement retraining, and manual therapy all have the potential to change not only pain behavior but also the neural circuitry, epigenetic coding, and cortical morphology underlying chronic pain.

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The mismeasure ofTerrystops: Assessing the psychological and emotional harms of stop and frisk to individuals and communities

Bandes

Pryor

Kerrison

et al. 2019

Behavioral Sci & The Law

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In Terry v. Ohio, the US Supreme Court relied on a balancing test to uphold the reasonableness of the practice known as “stop and frisk,” balancing the contribution of the practice to effective crime prevention and detection against the nature and quality of the intrusion to individual rights. In recent years, statistics have been powerfully deployed by legal scholars, jurists, and policymakers to challenge the assumption that stop and frisk leads to frequent discovery of contraband or other criminal behavior, and to address stark racial and ethnic disparities in the deployment of stop and frisk. However, the other side of the Terry equation—the nature and quality of the intrusion—has received far less attention from the legal community. With few exceptions, Terry jurisprudence portrays the Terry frisk simply as a brief pat‐down of the outer clothing and treats each Terry stop as an isolated encounter for purposes of measuring the harm involved. Yet there is a robust social science literature on the effects of stop and frisk on individuals, including data on its effects on individuals from marginalized or vulnerable groups, on individuals over time, and on communities as a whole. Moreover, stop and frisk in the current era has evolved from a tool in the arsenal of individual officers to a systematic, widely deployed strategy. This article argues that the failure to grapple with the application of modern knowledge to modern policing practices leads to a mismeasurement on both sides of the Terry equation. Not only does stop and frisk cause a wide range of emotional and psychological harms; these harms may also interfere with the ability of law enforcement to prevent and investigate crime. Even apart from any legal doctrinal implications for stop and frisk jurisprudence, recognizing the flawed assumptions described in this article should encourage all the relevant stakeholders to re‐evaluate the consequences of the Terry regime.

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Emergence of Delayed Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Related to Sexual Trauma: Patient-Centered and Trauma-Cognizant Management by Physical Therapists

Abstract: Background and Purpose. Sexual violence has been identified as one of the

Cited by 27 publications

References 41 publications

A Synthesis of the Literature on Trauma-Informed Care

A Synthesis of the Literature on Trauma-Informed Care

The role of associative learning and fear in the development of chronic pain – a comparison of chronic pain and post-traumatic stress disorder

The mismeasure ofTerrystops: Assessing the psychological and emotional harms of stop and frisk to individuals and communities

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