2019
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-23459-1_6
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Emergence of Embryo Shape During Cleavage Divisions

Abstract: Cells are arranged into species-specific patterns during early embryogenesis. Such cell division patterns are important since they often reflect the distribution of localized cortical factors from eggs/fertilized eggs to specific cells as well as the emergence of organismal form. However, it has proven difficult to reveal the mechanisms that underlie the emergence of cell positioning patterns that underlie embryonic shape, likely because a system-level approach is required that integrates cell biological, gene… Show more

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Cited by 9 publications
(9 citation statements)
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References 106 publications
(146 reference statements)
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“…Here, we redefined the B stage, which is characterized by the initiation of asynchronous cell divisions (at the transition from 128 cells to 256 cells) and ends with the initial flattening of the vegetal side of the embryo. In chordates, the first asynchronous cell divisions are often observed around the mid-blastula transition (MBT) and are thus correlated with the activation of zygotic gene transcription ( McDougall et al, 2019 ). A detailed analysis of transcriptomes obtained at different developmental stages suggests that this is also the case in lancelets, as the transition from 128 cells to 256 cells is marked by a strong increase in the expression of genes required for the initiation of zygotic transcription, including, for example, those encoding nuclear ribonucleic proteins ( Yang et al, 2016 ).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Here, we redefined the B stage, which is characterized by the initiation of asynchronous cell divisions (at the transition from 128 cells to 256 cells) and ends with the initial flattening of the vegetal side of the embryo. In chordates, the first asynchronous cell divisions are often observed around the mid-blastula transition (MBT) and are thus correlated with the activation of zygotic gene transcription ( McDougall et al, 2019 ). A detailed analysis of transcriptomes obtained at different developmental stages suggests that this is also the case in lancelets, as the transition from 128 cells to 256 cells is marked by a strong increase in the expression of genes required for the initiation of zygotic transcription, including, for example, those encoding nuclear ribonucleic proteins ( Yang et al, 2016 ).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In ascidian 4-cell stage embryos, cells upon entry into mitosis slightly increase cortical tension at their cell–medium interface ( Godard et al, 2020 ), but also retain low cortical tension at their cell–cell interfaces evident by the presence of large cell–cell contacts ( Turlier and Maître, 2015 ), leading to a highly anisotropic cell shape during mitosis. This effect is restricted to early cleavage stages, as from the 16-cell stage onwards cells undergo more pronounced mitotic rounding by decreasing their apical cortical tension, which also allows mitotic cells to be deformable by extrinsic forces implementing tension-oriented cell divisions ( McDougall et al, 2019 ). Thus, in ascidians spindle tilting as a mechanism determining UCD dependent of cell shape anisotropies might be largely restricted to early cleavage stages, while at later stages other mechanisms, such as spindle off-centering by polarity domains, might become more important, as found in the germline precursors with spindle off-centering by the CAB ( Costache et al, 2017 ; Prodon et al, 2010 ).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…UCD divides the mother cell into two daughter cells of different sizes. This process shapes early embryogenesis in several animal phyla ( Hasley et al, 2017 ; Martín-Durán et al, 2016 ; McDougall et al, 2019 ) and sculpts entire organs ( Winkley et al, 2019 ). On top of these morphological outcomes, UCDs are often associated with asymmetric segregation of determinants leading to asymmetric cell division creating sibling cells with different cell fates ( Gönczy, 2008 ; Sardet et al, 2005 ).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Here, we redefined the B stage, which is characterized by the initiation of asynchronous cell divisions (at the transition from 128 cells to 256 cells) and ends with the initial flattening of the vegetal side of the embryo. In chordates, the first asynchronous cell divisions are often observed around the mid-blastula transition (MBT) and are thus correlated with the activation of zygotic gene transcription (McDougall et al, 2019). A detailed analysis of transcriptomes obtained at different developmental stages suggests that this is also the case in amphioxus, as the transition from 128 cells to 256 cells is marked by a strong increase in the expression of genes required for the initiation of zygotic transcription, including, for example, those encoding nuclear ribonucleic proteins (Yang et al, 2016).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%