Emergence of exchange bias in van der Waals magnetic alloy CrxPt1-xTe2

Abstract

CrxPt1-xTe2 is a recently developed van der Waals magnetic alloy noted for its stability under ambient conditions. Here, we report the emergence of an exchange bias effect in CrxPt1-xTe2, without typical exchange bias sources such as an adjacent antiferromagnetic layer. We find that the exchange bias is present for x = 0.45 and absent for x = 0.35, which is correlated to the presence of a Cr modulation where the Cr concentration alternates each vdW layer (modulation period of 2 layers) for x > 0.4. We perform Monte Carlo simulations utilizing exchange parameters from first-principles calculations, which recreate the exchange bias in hysteresis loops of CrxPt1-xTe2. From our simulations, we infer the source of exchange bias to be magnetic moments locked into free energy minima that resist magnetization reversal. This work presents a way to introduce desirable magnetic properties to van der Waals magnets.