Emergence of Fungal-Like Organisms: Prototheca

Kano, Rui

doi:10.1007/s11046-019-00365-4

Cited by 41 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Two other fungal-like pathogens that are reviewed in this special issue are Prototheca [ 24 ] and Pythium [ 25 ], rarely identified by routine diagnostics but known to cause outbreaks. Prototheca are achlorophyllic algae that have a yeast-like colony morphology and therefore historically been studied by medical mycologists [ 24 , 26 ]. Despite a recent outbreak among humans, protothecosis remain a relative rare cause of human disease, while it is widely known among veterinarians as a cause of bovine mastitis.…”

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“…Despite a recent outbreak among humans, protothecosis remain a relative rare cause of human disease, while it is widely known among veterinarians as a cause of bovine mastitis. Kano provided a summary on the history, biology, diagnostics, treatment, and current knowledge of Prototheca [ 24 ]. Like Prototheca , the aquatic oomycete Pythium insidiosum has been historically classified as a fungus, while it seems to be closer related to diatoms and algae [ 25 , 26 ].…”

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Detection and Control of Fungal Outbreaks

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Detection and Control of Fungal Outbreaks

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“…They are asexually producing, spherical, unicellular organisms ranging from 3 to 30 um in diameter. All the species within this genus, even though classified as ‘green algae’, have forfeited their photosynthetic ability and have switched to parasitism, requiring external sources of organic carbon and nitrogen [ 10 ]. Unlike plants, they do not possess chloroplasts nor pyrenoids and their survival are dependent on saprophytic behaviour [ 10 , 11 ].…”

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Protothecosis algaemia in a patient presenting with septic arthritis: A rare case of Prototheca zopfii isolated from Malaysia

Palaniappan

Abot

Tap

et al. 2021

IDCases

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Prototheca species have been reported to cause infections in human. Typically, clinical symptoms of protothecosis include cutaneous infection, olecranon bursitis, tenosynovitis and disseminated systemic disease. We report a case of septic arthritis in which Prototheca zopfii was isolated from blood. Joint aspirate was also sent for cultures but did not yield any growth. No other organisms were isolated from this patient during his admission. The blood isolate was identified to species level via Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. The patient improved with administration of intravenous itraconazole.

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“…7,19 The disease is viewed with increased interest in the veterinary field because of bovine infections associated with mastitis causing economic losses incurred via reduced milk production and culling of infected cows, and sporadic life-threatening infections in dogs. 8,17 To date, only 4 of the 14 recognized Prototheca species 7 are involved in canine cases: P. bovis , P. ciferrii , P. wickerhamii , and P. zopfii . 10,16,17,20…”

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Molecular characterization of Prototheca in 11 symptomatic dogs

Falcaro

Furlanello

Binanti³

et al. 2020

J VET Diagn Invest

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Protothecosis is an uncommon disease caused by algae of the genus Prototheca. In dogs, the infection is usually first localized to the colon but has the propensity to later disseminate hematogenously to many other organs, with marked tropism for the eyes and central nervous system. Diagnosis is established by culture and/or evidence of Prototheca organisms in cytologic or histologic preparations. Species characterization, however, requires molecular investigations. Our laboratory set up a real-time PCR targeting portion D1/D2 of the 28S rRNA for identification of Prototheca species from both positive cultures (of rectal swabs and urine) and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. Prototheca bovis, P. ciferrii, and P. wickerhamii were characterized in 11 dogs with systemic or cutaneous protothecosis. Prototheca identifications were phylogenetically consistent with the new taxonomy proposed for this genus based on the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. As a pilot study, we screened feces and rectal scrapes from 200 asymptomatic dogs, using 2 cohorts of stray and owned animals, to determine the prevalence of intestinal carriage of Prototheca spp. The Prototheca-negative results from both cohorts of healthy dogs suggest that predisposing factors related to the host probably contribute more to the acquisition of clinical disease than exposure to contaminated environments.

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Emergence of Fungal-Like Organisms: Prototheca

Cited by 41 publications

References 37 publications

Detection and Control of Fungal Outbreaks

Detection and Control of Fungal Outbreaks

Protothecosis algaemia in a patient presenting with septic arthritis: A rare case of Prototheca zopfii isolated from Malaysia

Molecular characterization of Prototheca in 11 symptomatic dogs

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