Emergence of G3 and G9 rotavirus and increased incidence of mixed infections in the southern region of Ireland 2001-2004

Reidy, Niamh; O’Halloran, Fiona; Fanning, Séamus; Cryan, B.; O’Shea, Helen

doi:10.1002/jmv.20494

Cited by 37 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 53 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Furthermore, we documented the first case of G1/G8 mixed infection in Iran. Also, the first reports of G1/G8 mixed infection have been documented in young children with gastroenteritis in Ireland and Nigeria [29,30]. We found mixed infections with two different rotavirus genotypes in 2.66 % of children, which is similar to previous studies, with a range of 1-26.4 % [31].…”

Section: Rotavirus Genotypingsupporting

confidence: 90%

Prevalence and Molecular Genotyping of Group A Rotaviruses in Iranian Children

Kargar

Akbarizadeh

2012

Indian J. Virol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Rotavirus is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in worldwide young children. Effective vaccines to prevent rotavirus infection are currently available, although their clinical use is still limited, and rotavirus still causes many episodes of infantile gastroenteritis, mainly during the winter season. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of rotavirus infection in children aged \5-years-old who were hospitalised for gastroenteritis. One hundred and sixty-three stool samples from hospitalised children (\5-years-old) complicated with severe diarrhoea, in two hospitals in Jahrom City, Iran were collected from 2009 to 2010. Antigenic prevalence of rotavirus group A was distinguished by enzyme immunoassay. The antigen of group A rotavirus was diagnosed by EIA in 75 of 163 collected samples. The genotype of EIA-positive samples was determined by nested RT-PCR. The frequency of rotavirus genotypes G1, G2, G3, G4 and G9 was 17.33, 13.34, 2.67, 30.66 and 2.67 %, respectively. Also, the frequency of mixed and non-typable genotypes was detected in 2.67 and 30.66 %, respectively. G1/G8 mixed infection was the first of these rotavirus genotypes to be reported in Iran. Detection of high prevalence of group A rotavirus infection in hospitalised children with diarrhoea, and determination of circulating rotavirus genotypes in this region of Iran, provide useful data for formulating effective vaccines; especially for infants less than 5-years-old.

show abstract

Section: Rotavirus Genotypingsupporting

confidence: 90%

Prevalence and Molecular Genotyping of Group A Rotaviruses in Iranian Children

Kargar

Akbarizadeh

2012

Indian J. Virol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Specific genotypes, such as G9 and G12, are emerging in various parts of the world (9,28,33,39,40,45,47). Outbreaks of rotavirus infections have been described, and these also require adequate genotype identification tools (18,46,50).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and Genotyping of Human Rotavirus VP4 and VP7 Genes by Reverse Transcriptase PCR and Reverse Hybridization

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Rotavirus infections can be diagnosed in stool samples by serological and molecular methods. We developed a novel reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) method for the amplification of rotavirus RNA and a reverse hybridization assay on a strip to detect amplimers and identify the specific G and P genotypes present in human stool specimens. An additional aim was to permit specific identification of the rotavirus G1P[8] strain, used in the Rotarix vaccine. Novel broad-spectrum PCR primers were developed for both VP4 and VP7, permitting the amplification of a wide range of rotavirus genotypes. Primer sets comprise mixtures of defined primer sequences. For the identification of G and P genotypes, two reverse hybridization strip assays were developed. Both the VP4 and the VP7 strip contain universal probes for the detection of VP4 and VP7 sequences, irrespective of the G or P genotype. The VP4 strip contains type-specific probes for P[4], P[6], P[8], P[9], and P[10]. The VP7 strip contains type-specific probes for G1, G2, G3, G4, G5, G6, G8, and G9. In addition, probes to distinguish between wild-type G1 and G1 vaccine strain sequences were present. Testing by analysis of multiple reference strains confirmed that both RT-PCR methods allowed the detection of a broad spectrum of genotypes. RT-PCR for VP7 was more sensitive than RT-PCR for VP4, but all samples identified as positive for rotavirus antigen by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were also positive for both VP4 and VP7. The high specificity of the reverse hybridization method was confirmed by sequence analysis as well as by type-specific PCR, and the vaccine strain could also be specifically identified. The reverse hybridization method permits accurate identification of mixed infections with different genotypes. Rotavirus genotypes for which no type-specific probes were present on the strip were adequately identified by the universal detection probes. The assay was formally validated by analyses of specificity, sensitivity, precision, accuracy, and robustness. In a panel of 149 ELISA-positive stool samples, comparison with conventional type-specific RT-PCR methods revealed the superiority of the novel method, mainly in cases of mixed rotavirus infections. This novel method permits highly accurate detection and identification of human rotavirus infections in stool samples. This validated assay could be useful for large-scale epidemiological and clinical trials.

show abstract

“…As seen in other G genotypes, the most usual mechanism by which polymorphisms are generated in the G3 genotype is by point mutation (Ramig, 1997;Reidy et al, 2005). Of 978 nucleotide sites, 496 were variable: 279 had synonymous substitutions and 217 had non-synonymous substitutions.…”

Section: Generation Of Polymorphisms: Point Mutation and Multiple Recmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…AU-1 was the first G3 genotype isolated and identified as P[9] G3-type human RV, in Akita, Japan, in 1982 (Nakagomi et al, 1987). This genotype has been described as barely present and even absent during the 1990s worldwide and it has re-emerged during recent years (Arista et al, 1990(Arista et al, , 1997(Arista et al, , 2003Caprioli et al, 1996;De Grazia et al, 2007;Kebaabetswe et al, 2005;Lai et al, 2005;Reidy et al, 2005;Sanchez-Fauquier et al, 2006), to the extent that it has acquired an important epidemiological role.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…AU-1 was the first G3 genotype isolated and identified as P[9] G3-type human RV, in Akita, Japan, in 1982(Nakagomi et al, 1987. This genotype has been described as barely present and even absent during the 1990s worldwide and it has re-emerged during recent years (Arista et al, 1990(Arista et al, , 1997(Arista et al, , 2003Caprioli et al, 1996;De Grazia et al, 2007;Kebaabetswe et al, 2005;Lai et al, 2005;Reidy et al, 2005; Sanchez-Fauquier et al, 2006), to the extent that it has acquired an important epidemiological role.The re-emergence of G3 RV strains (Sanchez-Fauquier et al, 2006; J. J. Picazo and others, unpublished results) and the fact that they can be transmitted from different species to humans mean that a knowledge of their genotype prevalence and interspecies origins has become more relevant, since the newly licensed vaccines RotaTeq and Rotarix (Zomer et al, 2008; Dennehy, 2008;Geier et al, 2008) will need to protect against the diversity of strains in circulation.Post-marketing surveillance is under way at present and relevant data are expected to be published in 6-12 months time. It should be noted that the two vaccines have been developed on the basis of very different rationales: to either elicit an immune response of neutralizing antibodies that is as broad as possible (RotaTeq) or raise an immune response by repeated application of a monotypic vaccine (Rotarix), in the expectation of the emergence of a crossprotective immune response.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Diversity of the G3 genes of human rotaviruses in isolates from Spain from 2004 to 2006: cross-species transmission and inter-genotype recombination generates alleles

Martı́nez-Laso

Román

Rodríguez

et al. 2009

Journal of General Virology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Rotavirus evolves by using multiple genetic mechanisms which are an accumulation of spontaneous point mutations and reassortment events. Other mechanisms, such as crossspecies transmission and inter-genotype recombination, may be also involved. One of the most interesting genotypes in the accumulation of these events is the G3 genotype. In this work, six new Spanish G3 sequences belonging to 0-2-year-old patients from Madrid were analysed and compared with 160 others of the same genotype obtained from humans and other host species to establish the evolutionary pathways of the G3 genotype. The following results were obtained: (i) there are four different lineages of the G3 genotype which have evolved in different species; (ii) Spanish G3 rotavirus sequences are most similar to the described sequences that belong to lineage I; (iii) several G3 genotype alleles were reassigned as other G genotypes; and (iv) inter-genotype recombination events in G3 viruses involving G1 and G2 were described. These findings strongly suggest multiple inter-species transmission events between different non-human mammalian species and humans. INTRODUCTIONThe genus Rotavirus, in the family Reoviridae, is composed of seven different groups (groups A-G), although only groups A, B and C have been identified in humans (Hoshino & Kapikian, 1994). Group A rotavirus (RV) is responsible for most cases of gastroenteritis in humans and its genome consists of 11 double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) segments that encode six structural and six non-structural proteins. Two outer capsid proteins, VP4 and VP7, are used to define serotypes P (protease-cleaved protein VP4) and G (glycoprotein VP7) (Estes, 2001). RV serotypes are defined by virus neutralization, but genotypes are studied more often since they can be more easily characterized by sequencing or RT-PCR followed by sequencing of amplicons.Although 14 G serotypes, 16 G genotypes, 14 P serotypes and 27 P genotypes are known (Fukai et al., 2007;Gentsch et al., 1996;Liprandi et al., 2003;Martella et al., 2003;McNeal et al., 2005;Nakagomi et al., 1990), only 11 G and 15 P types have been identified in humans Martella et al., 2006a;McNeal et al., 2005;. Epidemiological studies in many parts of the world have indicated that there are five most common RV G types (G1, G2, G3, G4 and G9) and two P types (P[8] and P[4]) (Hoshino & Kapikian, 2000;Hoshino et al., 2002;Kapikian et al., 2001), and to a lesser extent P[6], P[9] and P[11] Santos et al., 2001), mainly found in countries of temperate climates. However, in countries of tropical and subtropical climates, other G and P types have been found to be most prevalent (Desselberger et al., 2001;Iturriza-Gó mara et al., 2003).There are a number of reports of RV strains isolated from humans and animals that share genetic and antigenic features of virus strains from heterologous species. In many cases, genetic analysis by hybridization has clearly demonstrated the genetic relatedness of gene segments from RV strains isolated from different species. Together with t...

show abstract

Emergence of G3 and G9 rotavirus and increased incidence of mixed infections in the southern region of Ireland 2001-2004

Cited by 37 publications

References 53 publications

Prevalence and Molecular Genotyping of Group A Rotaviruses in Iranian Children

Prevalence and Molecular Genotyping of Group A Rotaviruses in Iranian Children

Detection and Genotyping of Human Rotavirus VP4 and VP7 Genes by Reverse Transcriptase PCR and Reverse Hybridization

Diversity of the G3 genes of human rotaviruses in isolates from Spain from 2004 to 2006: cross-species transmission and inter-genotype recombination generates alleles

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About