Emergence of &lt;i&gt;Salmonella enterica&lt;/i&gt; subsp. &lt;i&gt;enterica&lt;/i&gt; serovar Chester in a rural area of Japan

Aoki, Yoshihiro; Watanabe, Yudai; Kitazawa, Katsuhiko; Ando, Naoshi; Hirai, Shinichiro; Yokoyama, Eiji

doi:10.1292/jvms.20-0033

Cited by 5 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…We reported that an outbreak in 2016 from an unknown infection source was caused by S. enterica subsp. enterica serovar Chester in a part of the aforementioned Japanese region (Aoki et al, 2020). In this outbreak, seven S. Chester infection cases occurred in the adjacent prefectures of Chiba and Ibaraki in October and November of 2016.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Nevertheless, the number of S. Chester isolates in Tokyo, a part of the Kanto region, increased temporarily in 2014-2016 (Tokyo Metropolitan Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, 2020) 2 , while they did also in other areas of Kanto region, that is, Chiba Prefecture, Ibaraki Prefecture and Yokohama City. In the period, 44 S. Chester isolates were isolated in the Kanto region, which included nine isolates from the seven infection cases that we reported previously (Aoki et al, 2020), although S. Chester was not isolated before or after this period. Previously, the number of S. Oranienburg isolates, another rarely isolated serovar in Japan, increased in various areas of Japan in 1998-1999; subsequently, PFGE analysis demonstrated that the temporary increase was caused by a diffuse outbreak (Tsuji and Hamada, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previously, the number of S. Oranienburg isolates, another rarely isolated serovar in Japan, increased in various areas of Japan in 1998-1999; subsequently, PFGE analysis demonstrated that the temporary increase was caused by a diffuse outbreak (Tsuji and Hamada, 1999). Therefore, the S. Chester isolates that emerged during 2014-2016 might belong to a single diffuse outbreak and include the outbreak isolates from 2016 (Aoki et al, 2020) in the Kanto region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No epidemiological link among the cases except for an intrafamily case was found. Simultaneously, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) showed that all 10 of the isolates had almost identical band patterns ( Aoki et al, 2020 ), which raises the possibility that these isolates originated from one clone. Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) is a significant cause of foodborne illness worldwide ( World Health Organization, 2018 ) 1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Whole Genome Analysis Detects the Emergence of a Single Salmonella enterica Serovar Chester Clone in Japan’s Kanto Region

et al. 2021

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In Japan’s Kanto region, the number of Salmonella enterica serovar Chester infections increased temporarily between 2014 and 2016. Concurrently with this temporal increase in the Kanto region, S. Chester isolates belonging to one clonal group were causing repetitive outbreaks in Europe. A recent study reported that the European outbreaks were associated with travelers who had been exposed to contaminated food in Morocco, possibly seafood. Because Japan imports a large amount of seafood from Morocco, we aimed to establish whether the temporal increase in S. Chester infections in the Kanto region was associated with imported Moroccan seafood. Short sequence reads from the whole-genome sequencing of 47 S. Chester isolates from people in the Kanto region (2014–2016), and the additional genome sequences from 58 isolates from the European outbreaks, were analyzed. The reads were compared with the complete genome sequence from a S. Chester reference strain, and 347 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified. These SNPs were used in this study. Cluster and Bayesian cluster analyses showed that the Japanese and European isolates fell into two different clusters. Therefore, ΦPT and IAS values were calculated to evaluate genetic differences between these clusters. The results revealed that the Japanese and European isolates were genetically distinct populations. Our root-to-tip analysis showed that the Japanese isolates originating from one clone had accumulated mutations, suggesting that an emergence of this organism occurred. A minimum spanning tree analysis demonstrated no correlation between genetic and geographical distances in the Japanese isolates, suggesting that the emergence of the serovar in the Kanto region did not involve person-to-person contact; rather, it occurred through food consumption. The dN/dS ratio indicated that the Japanese strain has evolved under positive selection pressure. Generally, a population of bacterial clones in a reservoir faces negative selection pressure. Therefore, the Japanese strain must have existed outside of any reservoir during its emergence. In conclusion, S. Chester isolates originating from one clone probably emerged in the Kanto region via the consumption of contaminated foods other than imported Moroccan seafood. The emerging strain may have not established a reservoir for survival in the food supply chain resulting in its disappearance after 2017.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Whole Genome Analysis Detects the Emergence of a Single Salmonella enterica Serovar Chester Clone in Japan’s Kanto Region

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Neonatal bloodstream infections

Hadfield¹,

Cantey²

2021

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases

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Purpose of review Neonatal bloodstream infections (BSI) are a major contributor to morbidity and mortality within neonatal intensive care units. BSI, including central line-associated BSI, have decreased over the past 15 years but remain common in extremely preterm infants. The purpose of this review is to highlight recent advances in the causes, diagnosis, management, and prevention of neonatal BSI. Recent findings Continued quality improvement efforts and bundles have reduced BSI incidence, and novel approaches are highlighted. An update of emerging pathogens as well as traditional pathogens with novel antimicrobial resistance, which are an increasingly common cause of neonatal BSI, is included. Finally, current and future investigations into serum or noninvasive biomarkers for neonatal BSI are reviewed. Summary Neonatal BSIs continue to decrease due to enhanced infection control and prevention techniques. However, many challenges remain, including emerging bacterial and fungal resistance and the continued need for novel diagnostics that hasten time to pathogen identification and effective treatment. This review of the past 18 months highlights the rapid changes in this area. Ongoing efforts to reduce the morbidity and mortality caused by neonatal BSI must remain a priority.

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Genomic characterization of invasive typhoidal and non-typhoidal Salmonella in southwestern Nigeria

et al. 2022

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Background Salmonellosis causes significant morbidity and mortality in Africa. Information on lineages of invasive Salmonella circulating in Nigeria is sparse. Methods Salmonella enterica isolated from blood (n = 60) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF, n = 3) between 2016 and 2020 from five tertiary hospitals in southwest Nigeria were antimicrobial susceptibility-tested and Illumina-sequenced. Genomes were analysed using publicly-available bioinformatic tools. Results Isolates and sequence types (STs) from blood were S. Typhi [ST1, n = 1 and ST2, n = 43] and invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS) (S. Enteritidis [ST11, n = 7], S. Durham [ST10, n = 2], S. Rissen [ST8756, n = 2], S. Chester [ST2063, n = 1], S. Dublin [ST10, n = 1], S. Infantis [ST603, n = 1], S. Telelkebir [ST8757, n = 1] and S. Typhimurium [ST313, n = 1]). S. Typhi ST2 (n = 2) and S. Adabraka ST8757 (n = 1) were recovered from CSF. Most S. Typhi belonged to genotype 3.1.1 (n = 44), carried an IncY plasmid, had several antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) including blaTEM-1 (n = 38), aph(6)-Id (n = 32), tet(A) (n = 33), sul2 (n = 32), dfrA14 (n = 30) as well as quinolone resistance-conferring gyrA_S83Y single-nucleotide polymorphisms (n = 37). All S. Enteritidis harboured aph(3”)-Ib, blaTEM-1, catA1, dfrA7, sul1, sul2, tet(B) genes, and a single ARG, qnrB19, was detected in S. Telelkebir. Typhoidal toxins cdtB, pltA and pltB were detected in S. Typhi, Rissen, Chester, and Telelkebir. Conclusion Most invasive salmonelloses in southwest Nigeria are vaccine-preventable infections due to multidrug-resistant, West African dominant S. Typhi lineage 3.1.1. Invasive NTS serovars, including some harbouring typhoidal toxin or resistance genes, represented a third of the isolates emphasizing the need for better diagnosis and surveillance.

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Emergence of <i>Salmonella enterica</i> subsp. <i>enterica</i> serovar Chester in a rural area of Japan

Cited by 5 publications

References 24 publications

Whole Genome Analysis Detects the Emergence of a Single Salmonella enterica Serovar Chester Clone in Japan’s Kanto Region

Whole Genome Analysis Detects the Emergence of a Single Salmonella enterica Serovar Chester Clone in Japan’s Kanto Region

Neonatal bloodstream infections

Genomic characterization of invasive typhoidal and non-typhoidal Salmonella in southwestern Nigeria

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