Emergence of multi-acaricide resistant Rhipicephalus ticks and its implication on chemical tick control in Uganda

Vudriko, Patrick; Okwee-Acai, James; Tayebwa, Dickson Stuart; Byaruhanga, Joseph; Kakooza, Steven; Wampande, Edward; O’Mara, Robert E.; Muhindo, Jeanne Bukeka; Tweyongyere, Robert; Owiny, David Okello; Hatta, Takeshi; Tsuji, Naotoshi; Umemiya‐Shirafuji, Rika; Xu, Xuan; Kanameda, M.; Fujisaki, Kozo; Suzuki, Hiroshi

doi:10.1186/s13071-015-1278-3

Cited by 132 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Amitraz is commonly used by small-holder cattle producers in Africa, where hand-sprays are often used, and macrocyclic lactones are unaffordable for smallholders. A recent study in Uganda (8) showed that 37% of all acaricides used for tick control were amitraz. In Zambia, 27% of treatments against ticks were with amitraz (9).…”

Section: Amitraz As An Acaricidementioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular biology of amitraz resistance in cattle ticks of the genus i Rhipicephalus i

Jonsson¹

2018

Front Biosci

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Section: Amitraz As An Acaricidementioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular biology of amitraz resistance in cattle ticks of the genus i Rhipicephalus i

Jonsson¹

2018

Front Biosci

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“…Third, the R. appendiculatus distribution model does not explicitly consider anthropogenic factors like tick-control campaigns on a local and temporal basis. However, adequate tick-control campaigns are rarely undertaken in Uganda (Ugandan National Drug Authority), and evidence of R. appendiculatus developing drug resistance has been recorded [117].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining landscape genomics and ecological modelling to investigate local adaptation of indigenous Ugandan cattle to East Coast fever

Vajana

Barbato

Colli

et al. 2018

Preprint

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63East Coast fever (ECF) is a fatal sickness affecting cattle populations of eastern, central, 64and southern Africa. The disease is transmitted by the tick Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, and 65 caused by the protozoan Theileria parva parva, which invades host lymphocytes and promotes 66 their clonal expansion. Importantly, indigenous cattle show tolerance to infection in ECF-67 endemically stable areas. Here, the putative genetic bases underlying ECF-tolerance were 68 investigated using molecular data and epidemiological information from 823 indigenous cattle 69 from Uganda. Vector distribution and host infection risk were estimated over the study area and 70 subsequently tested as triggers of local adaptation by means of landscape genomics analysis. We 71 identified 41 and seven candidate adaptive loci for tick resistance and infection tolerance, 72 respectively. Among the genes associated with the candidate adaptive loci are PRKG1 and SLA2. 73 PRKG1 was already described as associated with tick resistance in indigenous South African 74 cattle, due to its role into inflammatory response. SLA2 is part of the regulatory pathways 75 involved into lymphocytes' proliferation. Additionally, local ancestry analysis suggested the 76 zebuine origin of the genomic region candidate for tick resistance. 77 Author summary 78The tick-borne parasite Theileria parva parva infects cattle populations of eastern, central 79 and southern Africa, by causing a highly fatal pathology called "East Coast fever". The disease is 80 especially severe for the exotic breeds imported to Africa, as well as outside the endemic areas of 81 East Africa. In these regions, indigenous cattle populations can survive to infection, and this 82 5 tolerance might result from unique adaptations evolved to fight the disease. We investigated this 83 hypothesis by using a method named "landscape genomics", with which we compared the genetic 84 characteristics of indigenous Ugandan cattle coming from areas at different infection risk, and 85 located genomic sites potentially attributable to tolerance. In particular, the method pinpointed 86 two genes, one (PRKG1) involved into inflammatory response and potentially affecting East 87Coast fever vector attachment, the other (SLA2) involved into lymphocytes proliferation, a 88 process activated by T. parva parva infection. Our findings can orientate future research on the 89 genetic basis of East Coast fever-tolerance, and derive from a general method that can be applied 90 to investigate adaptation in analogous host-vector-parasite systems. Characterization of the 91 genetic factors underlying East Coast-fever-tolerance represents an essential step towards 92 enhancing sustainability and productivity of local agroecosystems. 93

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“…However, acaricides’ ever increasing cost in less developed countries, the most affected by ticks and TBDs means; that acaricides cannot be regularly applied for tick control [9]. Moreover, acaricide overuse and misuse are associated with selection of multi-acaricide resistant tick populations [10]; a problem that has been on the rise in Uganda [11]. In light of this, future tick control strategies will have to depend on integration of economically effective acaricide application, vaccination, breeding livestock for tick resistance, and other available tick control methods such as controlled animal movements [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Silico Analysis of Ixodid Tick Aqauporin-1 Protein as a Candidate Anti-Tick Vaccine Antigen

Ndekezi

Nkamwesiga

Ochwo

et al. 2019

Preprint

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21Ticks are arthropod vectors of pathogens of both Veterinary and Public health importance.22 Ticks are largely controlled by acaricide application. However, acaricide efficacy is hampered by 23 high cost, the need for regular application and selection of multi-acaricide resistant tick 24 populations. In light of this, future tick control approaches are poised to rely on integration of 25 rational acaricide application and other methods such as vaccination. To contribute to systematic 26 research-guided efforts to produce anti-tick vaccines, we carried out an in silico tick Aquaporin-1 27 protein (AQP1) analysis to identify unique tick AQP1 peptide motifs that can be used in future 28 peptide anti-tick vaccine development. We used multiple sequence alignment (MSA), motif 29 analysis, homology modeling, and structural analysis to identify unique tick AQP1 peptide motifs. 30 BepiPred, Chou & Fasman-Turn, Karplus & Schulz Flexibility and Parker-Hydrophilicity 31 prediction models were used to asses these motifs' abilities to induce antibody mediated immune 32 responses. Tick AQP1 (MK334178) protein homology was largely similar to the bovine AQP1 33 (PDB:1J4N) (23 % sequence similarity; Structural superimposition RMS=1.475). The highest 34 similarities were observed in the transmembrane domains while differences were observed in the 35 extra and intra cellular protein loops. Two unique tick AQP1 (MK334178) motifs, M7 (residues 36 106-125, p=5.4e-25) and M8 (residues 85-104, p=3.3e-24) were identified. These two motifs are 37 located on the extra-cellular AQP1 domain and showed the highest Parker-Hydrophilicity 38 prediction immunogenic scores of 1.153 and 2.612 respectively. The M7 and M8 motifs are a good 39 starting point for the development of potential peptide-based anti-tick vaccine. Further analyses 40 such as in vivo immunization assays are required to validate these findings. 41 42 Key words: Aquaporin-1 protein, Immunogenicity; Tick control; Peptide motifs 3 43 Background 44 Ticks are arthropod vectors of pathogens of both Veterinary and Public health concern in 45 tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world [1,2]. In 2007, the average annual cost of tick borne 46 diseases (TBDs) management was estimated to be 4.20 US Dollars per head of cattle [3]. Ticks 47 are associated with both direct and indirect constraints to livestock health and production [1,2].48 Their direct constraints to livestock production include, but are not limited to, blood loss (anemia), 49 discomfort, skin-and-hide quality loss, and tick paralysis (Fig 1) [4]. Their indirect constraints to 50 livestock production and health relate to transmission of diseases of veterinary importance 51 including: anaplasmosis (Anaplasma spp), babesiosis (Babesia spp), theileriosis (Theileria spp.), 52 and heartwater (Cowdria ruminatium) [1]. In addition, ticks transmit zoonotic pathogens belonging 53 to Babesia spp., Borrelia spp., Rickettsia spp., Ehrlichia spp., Francisella tularensis, Coxiella 54 burnetii, and viruses such as Nairovirus (Bunyaviri...

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Emergence of multi-acaricide resistant Rhipicephalus ticks and its implication on chemical tick control in Uganda

Cited by 132 publications

References 46 publications

Molecular biology of amitraz resistance in cattle ticks of the genus i Rhipicephalus i

Molecular biology of amitraz resistance in cattle ticks of the genus i Rhipicephalus i

Combining landscape genomics and ecological modelling to investigate local adaptation of indigenous Ugandan cattle to East Coast fever

In Silico Analysis of Ixodid Tick Aqauporin-1 Protein as a Candidate Anti-Tick Vaccine Antigen

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