Emergence of Nasal Carriage of ST80 and ST152 PVL+ Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Livestock in Algeria

Abstract

The spread of toxinogenic Staphylococcus aureus is a public health problem in Africa. The objectives of the study were to investigate the rate of S. aureus nasal carriage and molecular characteristics of these strains in livestock and humans in three Algerian provinces. Nasal samples were collected from camels, horses, cattle, sheep and monkeys, as well as humans in contact with them. S. aureus isolates were genotyped using DNA microarray. The rate of S. aureus nasal carriage varied between species: camels (53%), humans and monkeys (50%), sheep (44.2%), horses (15.2%) and cattle (15%). Nine methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates (7.6%) were identified, isolated from camels and sheep. The S. aureus isolates belonged to 15 different clonal complexes. Among them, PVL+ (Panton–Valentine Leukocidin) isolates belonging to ST80-MRSA-IV and ST152-MSSA were identified in camels (n = 3, 13%) and sheep (n = 4, 21.1%). A high prevalence of toxinogenic animal strains was noted containing TSST-1- (22.2%), EDINB- (29.6%) and EtD- (11.1%) encoding genes. This study showed the dispersal of the highly human pathogenic clones ST152-MSSA and ST-80-MRSA in animals. It suggests the ability of some clones to cross the species barrier and jump between humans and several animal species.

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST80 Clone: A Systematic Review

“…Over the last three years, to the best of our knowledge, only three studies reporting MRSA-ST80 clone have been published. These three articles were published only from North Africa [107,108] and Iran [50]. In general, MRSA infections are declining in certain geographic areas, especially in hospital-associated infections [136,137].…”

“…Concerning animals, Peeters et al reported two strains of MRSA-ST80 PVL+ from nasal swabbing of pigs, in Belgium [106]. In Algeria, Agabou et al reported two ST80 PVL+ isolates from camels and four isolates from sheep between 2015 and 2016 [107]. Mairi et al studied a total of 2130 samples from different ecological niches (animal farms, companion animals, wild animals, food products, and aquatic environment) between January and July 2018.…”

“…No other toxin genes were detected [104]. Agabou et al reported colonization of livestock animals (camels and sheep) with MRSA-ST80 in Algeria which harbored hemolysins (hla, hld, and hlgA), numerous microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules (MSCRAMMs) (bbp, ebpS, clfA, clfB, fib, fnbA, and fnbB), and biofilm production (icaA, icaC, and icaD) genes [107]. Mairi et al reported 20 MRSA-ST80 isolates in different niches [108], identifying the same genes as previously noted by Agabou et al [107].…”

“…Agabou et al reported colonization of livestock animals (camels and sheep) with MRSA-ST80 in Algeria which harbored hemolysins (hla, hld, and hlgA), numerous microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules (MSCRAMMs) (bbp, ebpS, clfA, clfB, fib, fnbA, and fnbB), and biofilm production (icaA, icaC, and icaD) genes [107]. Mairi et al reported 20 MRSA-ST80 isolates in different niches [108], identifying the same genes as previously noted by Agabou et al [107]. Finally, Peeters et al reported two MRSA-ST80 isolates from nasal swabs of pig farms that carried the following genes: fnbB, edinB, sasG, sak, scn, hla, hld, hIII, lukDE/F/S, seg, sei, selm, selo, selu, etD, and cap8 [106].…”

Livestock-associated Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus as a New Impendence for Public Health

“…Было также отмечено, что распространённость LA-MRSA на молочных предприятиях значительно возрастает при наличии свиноферм в радиусе 3 км от них [15]. Устойчивые к метициллину стафилококки были выявлены у верблюдов и овец, однако данные MRSA не родственны CC398 и другим широко распространённым группам LA-MRSA [57].…”