Emergence of NDM-5- and MCR-1-Producing Escherichia coli Clones ST648 and ST156 from a Single Muscovy Duck (Cairina moschata)

Abstract

c Two Escherichia coli clones (sequence type 648 [ST648] and ST156) that coproduce NDM-5 and MCR-1 were detected from a single fowl in China. The bla NDM-5 gene was found on the two indistinguishable IncX3 plasmids from the two different E. coli isolates, whereas the mcr-1 gene was located on IncHI2 and IncI2 plasmids, respectively, suggesting that bla NDM-5 and mcr-1 have spread in avian intestinal flora. Also, the two strains harbor bla TEM-1 , bla CTX-M-55 , fosA3, and aac(6=)-Ib. The multiresistant E. coli strains (especially the epidemic clone ST648) might raise a potential threat to human health via food chain transmission. Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are a global public health problem. The New Delhi metallo-␤-lactamase (NDM) was first described in 2008 (1) and has become one of the most widespread carbapenemases in the world (2-4). Meanwhile, since the recent discovery of the plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene mcr-1 in China (5), several studies have confirmed its dissemination in different humans and animals (6-10). In addition, the coproduction of carbapenemase and MCR-1 was detected in a few bacteria (6,8,(11)(12)(13), which poses a serious concern to public health. Here, we report the first case of NDM-5-and MCR-1-producing Escherichia coli clones sequence type 648 (ST648) and ST156 from a single fowl.In May 2015, a rectal swab was collected from a 1-month-old Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata) with colibacillosis to study carbapenemase-encoding genes from animals in China. The diseased duck was sent to the veterinary clinical diagnosis laboratory in South China Agricultural University from a duck farm in Guangdong Province, China. Carbapenem-producing isolates were selected in MacConkey medium supplemented with meropenem (1 g/ml). Two E. coli isolates (NDM131 and NDM132) with diverse morphological characteristics were isolated and were identified by the Axima matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometer (Shimadzu-Biotech Corp., Kyoto, Japan).Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the agar dilution method (14) and interpreted according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines (15). The EUCAST breakpoints for Enterobacteriaceae for colistin and tigecycline were applied (16).Both E. coli isolates (NDM131 and NDM132) were resistant to cefoxitin, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, imipenem, meropenem, ertapenem, gentamicin, tobramycin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, fosfomycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and colistin but susceptible to tigecycline (see Table S1 in the supplemental material). NDM131 was also resistant to aztreonam and amikacin. The double-disk synergy test and biochemical Carba NP test confirmed extended-spectrum ␤-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase production in both isolates.PCR analyses were performed to confirm carbapenemase, ESBLs, plasmid-mediated AmpC cephalosporinase-encoding genes, 16S rRNA methyltransferase genes, and fosfomycin resistance genes. The complete coding sequence of the NDM g...

Molecular characteristic of mcr-1 producing Escherichia coli in a Chinese university hospital

“…The mcr -1-producing isolates in this study were belonged to phylogenetic groups A and B1, which were mainly distributed among human commensal E. coli isolates [23]. The mcr -1 producing isolates were assigned by MLST to two different sequence types: ST156 and ST167 (Table 1), which was similar to previous reports in other studies from China [8, 22]. E. coli ST156 has been found that it has connection with different ESBL genes [24, 25].…”

Mcr colistin resistance gene: a systematic review of current diagnostics and detection methods

“…The emergence of carbapenem-and colistin-resistance determinants in single strains ushers in a new age of pandrug resistance, and underscores the rapid depletion of our antimicrobial armamentarium (Delgado-Blas, Ovejero, Abadia-Patino, & Gonzalez-Zorn, 2016;He et al, 2017;Sun et al, 2016;Yang et al, 2016). The detection of plasmids harboring both carbapenem and colistin resistance genes has made colistin resistance, which was hitherto solely mediated by mutations in and insertional inactivation of phoPQ, ccrB, mgrB, pmrAB, lpxACD, and pmrHFIJKLM, and restricted to chromosomal or vertical transmission, a grave threat to clinical medicine (Beceiro et al, 2014;Cannatelli et al, 2014;Giani et al, 2015;Jayol, Nordmann, Brink, et al, 2017;Jayol, Nordmann, Lehours, Poirel, & Dubois, 2017;Mavroidi et al, 2015;Wright et al, 2015).…”

Antibiotic exposure elicits the emergence of colistin- and carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli coharboring MCR-1 and NDM-5 in a patient

“…In the two years since its first discovery in Southern China, in late of 2015 [15], mcr-1 has been detected to coexist with bla NDM-1 -like genes in migratory birds (like the Muscovy duck [16] plus chickens [17]), in healthy people [18] and also in patients with bloodstream infections [6,7,9,19]. This indicates that the possible route of mcr-1 / bla NDM -like genes is through the food-chain transmission.…”

“…This indicates that the possible route of mcr-1 / bla NDM -like genes is through the food-chain transmission. With the exception of Cronobacter sakazakii that carries NDM-9 [20], E. coli seems to be the predominant reservoir for the coexistence of MCR-1 and NDM-like enzymes [6–9,16–19,21,22]. Surprisingly, mcr-3 , a new mcr -like gene, was found in an XDR- E. coli clinical isolate which harbored both mcr-1 and bla NDM-5 [23].…”

“…The fact that the co-existence of MCR-1 and NDM variants has been found in bacterial species isolated from humans, animals and environments [6,8,16,19,27], reminded us to employ the approach of ‘one health’ in combating potential challenges with MDR-pathogens. Given that inappropriate use of antibiotics is a potential threat for the rapid development of drug resistance and therapeutic failure, it is prerequisite to reconsider (and/or screen) the subpopulations of MDR-pathogens persisting in human microbiota prior to the formulation of appropriate antibiotic-based effective anti-infection therapies.…”