Emergence of Orientation Selectivity in the Mammalian Visual Pathway

Scholl, Benjamin; Tan, Andrew Y. Y.; Corey, Joseph; Priebe, Nicholas J.

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0404-13.2013

Cited by 174 publications

(139 citation statements)

References 81 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

112

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Given that it occurs in the mouse, SRP offers an opportunity for interventional experimental approaches to test this hypothesis. Although the mouse LGN has neurons with the property of orientation-selectivity, conferred by convergent feed-forward retinogeniculate connections [89], the evidence to be reviewed below places the mechanism for SRP in V1.…”

Section: Stimulus Selective Response Potentiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

How the mechanisms of long-term synaptic potentiation and depression serve experience-dependent plasticity in primary visual cortex

Cooke

Bear

2014

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

108

115

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Donald Hebb chose visual learning in primary visual cortex (V1) of the rodent to exemplify his theories of how the brain stores information through long-lasting homosynaptic plasticity. Here, we revisit V1 to consider roles for bidirectional ‘Hebbian’ plasticity in the modification of vision through experience. First, we discuss the consequences of monocular deprivation (MD) in the mouse, which have been studied by many laboratories over many years, and the evidence that synaptic depression of excitatory input from the thalamus is a primary contributor to the loss of visual cortical responsiveness to stimuli viewed through the deprived eye. Second, we describe a less studied, but no less interesting form of plasticity in the visual cortex known as stimulus-selective response potentiation (SRP). SRP results in increases in the response of V1 to a visual stimulus through repeated viewing and bears all the hallmarks of perceptual learning. We describe evidence implicating an important role for potentiation of thalamo-cortical synapses in SRP. In addition, we present new data indicating that there are some features of this form of plasticity that cannot be fully accounted for by such feed-forward Hebbian plasticity, suggesting contributions from intra-cortical circuit components.

show abstract

Section: Stimulus Selective Response Potentiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

How the mechanisms of long-term synaptic potentiation and depression serve experience-dependent plasticity in primary visual cortex

Cooke

Bear

2014

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

108

115

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The presence of DS cells in the LGN raises questions concerning their cortical targets and the potential role in shaping the well-tuned direction/orientation selectivity seen in rabbit/rodent V1 (Piscopo et al 2013;Scholl et al 2013). Previous work (Swadlow and Weyand 1985) showed that LGN DS neurons do project to V1 and that their axons have conduction velocities similar to those of concentric LGN neurons, but the terminal layer of these axons could not be determined with the antidromic methods that were employed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Orientation preference in cats and primates is columnar and is believed to originate, in part, from selective LGN inputs with ON or OFF receptive field centers precisely aligned with the cortical receptive field subfields (Alonso et al 2001;Hubel and Wiesel 1962;Reid and Alonso 1995;Tanaka 1983; but see Mata and Ringach 2005). By contrast, orientation selectivity in rodents and rabbits is not columnar (Bonin et al 2011;Bousfield 1977;Drager 1975;Girman et al 1999;Metin et al 1988;Ohki et al 2005;Van Hooser et al 2005) and the mechanism(s) generating sharp orientation/direction tuning may differ (e.g., Scholl et al 2013). It is tempting to think that the DS input could contribute significantly to the orientation/directional properties of simple cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Directional selective neurons in the awake LGN: response properties and modulation by brain state

Hei

Stoelzel

Zhuang

et al. 2014

Journal of Neurophysiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Directionally selective (DS) neurons are found in the retina and lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of rabbits and rodents, and in rabbits, LGN DS cells project to primary visual cortex. Here, we compare visual response properties of LGN DS neurons with those of layer 4 simple cells, most of which show strong direction/orientation selectivity. These populations differed dramatically, suggesting that DS cells may not contribute significantly to the synthesis of simple receptive fields: 1) whereas the first harmonic component (F1)-to-mean firing rate (F0) ratios of LGN DS cells are strongly nonlinear, those of simple cells are strongly linear; 2) whereas LGN DS cells have overlapped ON/OFF subfields, simple cells have either a single ON or OFF subfield or two spatially separate subfields; and 3) whereas the preferred directions of LGN DS cells are closely tied to the four cardinal directions, the directional preferences of simple cells are more evenly distributed. We further show that directional selectivity in LGN DS neurons is strongly enhanced by alertness via two mechanisms, 1) an increase in responses to stimulation in the preferred direction, and 2) an enhanced suppression of responses to stimuli moving in the null direction. Finally, our simulations show that these two consequences of alertness could each serve, in a vector-based population code, to hasten the computation of stimulus direction when rabbits become alert.

show abstract

“…Many of these neurons are already contained in the data set published in Scholl et al (2013a). Contrarily to the two other data sets, it is an openly available data set.…”

Section: Lgn Data Setmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing the odds of inherent vs. observed overdispersion in neural spike counts

Taouali

Benvenuti

Wallisch

et al. 2016

Journal of Neurophysiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The repeated presentation of an identical visual stimulus in the receptive field of a neuron may evoke different spiking patterns at each trial. Probabilistic methods are essential to understand the functional role of this variance within the neural activity. In that case, a Poisson process is the most common model of trial-to-trial variability. For a Poisson process, the variance of the spike count is constrained to be equal to the mean, irrespective of the duration of measurements. Numerous studies have shown that this relationship does not generally hold. Specifically, a majority of electrophysiological recordings show an "overdispersion" effect: responses that exhibit more intertrial variability than expected from a Poisson process alone. A model that is particularly well suited to quantify overdispersion is the Negative-Binomial distribution model. This model is well-studied and widely used but has only recently been applied to neuroscience. In this article, we address three main issues. First, we describe how the Negative-Binomial distribution provides a model apt to account for overdispersed spike counts. Second, we quantify the significance of this model for any neurophysiological data by proposing a statistical test, which quantifies the odds that overdispersion could be due to the limited number of repetitions (trials). We apply this test to three neurophysiological data sets along the visual pathway. Finally, we compare the performance of this model to the Poisson model on a population decoding task. We show that the decoding accuracy is improved when accounting for overdispersion, especially under the hypothesis of tuned overdispersion. spike counts; overdispersion; negative-binomial distribution; decoding; tuning function.

show abstract

Emergence of Orientation Selectivity in the Mammalian Visual Pathway

Cited by 174 publications

References 81 publications

How the mechanisms of long-term synaptic potentiation and depression serve experience-dependent plasticity in primary visual cortex

How the mechanisms of long-term synaptic potentiation and depression serve experience-dependent plasticity in primary visual cortex

Directional selective neurons in the awake LGN: response properties and modulation by brain state

Testing the odds of inherent vs. observed overdispersion in neural spike counts

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About