Emergency and Critical Care

Graham, Jennifer E.; Rozanski, Elizabeth A.

doi:10.1002/9781119511816.ch19

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…Compression depth in birds may be limited by their anatomy. We provided positive pressure mechanical ventilation at a rate of 6–10/min; however, other sources recommend between 10 and 50/min for avian CPR 10,27 . Given the increased metabolic rate of birds, higher ventilation rates may be required for effective avian CPR, but optimal rates are unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the current study, we used a 0.1‐mg/kg IV dose of epinephrine, which is considered a “high dose” in mammals, but no difference was detected in the generated blood pressures. Epinephrine doses between 0.01 and 2.3 mg/kg have been used in birds, up to a 230‐fold difference 10,27–29 . To make avian CPR more practical in situations where intravenous access is difficult to obtain, different routes of epinephrine administration should also be explored, especially intraosseous and intratracheal routes, because these routes may be more accessible for emergency clinicians in hypotensive birds but may also require different dosing schemes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A proof‐of‐concept study evaluating cardiac compression techniques for cardiopulmonary resuscitation in laying hens (Gallus gallus)

Eisenbarth,

Cummings,

Rozanski

et al. 2024

J Vet Emergen Crit Care

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ObjectiveTo determine in adult chickens which of 3 CPR techniques, sternal compressions (SC), SC with interposed caudal coelomic compressions (ICCC), or lateral compressions (LC), results in the highest mean systolic (SAP), diastolic (DAP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) as measured directly from the carotid artery.DesignProspective, nonblinded, experimental crossover study.SettingUniversity teaching hospital laboratory.AnimalsTen retired laying hens.InterventionsBirds were sedated, anesthetized, and placed in dorsal recumbency. A carotid artery catheter was placed to directly measure arterial pressure. Ventricular fibrillation was induced with direct cardiac stimulation using a 9‐Volt battery. Each bird then received 2 minutes of the 3 different cardiac compression techniques in a random order by 3 different compressors, with the compressor order also randomized. Birds were subsequently administered IV epinephrine, and transthoracic defibrillation was attempted. At the end of experimentation, each bird was euthanized, and simple gross necropsies were performed. Linear mixed models followed by pairwise paired t‐tests were performed to evaluate differences in pressures generated by each technique.Measurements and Main ResultsThe primary study outcomes were SAP, DAP, and MAP over 2 minutes of compressions for each compression technique. Pressures from ICCC (SAP: 27.6 ± 5.3 mm Hg, DAP: 18.7 ± 5.2 mm Hg, MAP: 21.7 ± 5.2 mm Hg) were significantly higher than those from LC (SAP: 18.9 ± 5.4 mm Hg, DAP: 11.6 ± 4.1 mm Hg, MAP: 14.1 ± 4.5 mm Hg). Pressures from SC (SAP: 24.5 ± 6.4 mm Hg, DAP: 15.2 ± 4.3 mm Hg, MAP: 18.3 ± 5.0 mm Hg) were not significantly different from ICCC or LC.ConclusionsExternal compressions can generate detectable increases in arterial pressure in chickens with ventricular fibrillation. SC with ICCC generated significantly higher arterial pressures than LC. SC alone generated blood pressures that were not significantly different from those generated by SC with ICCC or LC.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%