Emergency and Critical Care of Small Mammals

Gladden, Jay N.; Lennox, Angela M.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-48435-0.00041-1

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The diagnostic and therapeutic approach to the acute rabbit abdomen should be the same as other emergency cases in rabbits ( 27 , 28 ). GI stasis is one of the most common disorders of pet rabbits and is characterised by normal behaviour to apathy, abdominal discomfort, and gradual decline in appetite and production of small, dry faecal pellets ( 29 , 30 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case Report: Spontaneous Appendicitis With Suspected Involvement of Klebsiella variicola in Two Pet Rabbits

Jekl

Piskovska²,

Drnkova³

et al. 2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Although laboratory rabbits are commonly used as models of appendicitis in man, spontaneous appendicitis was only described ante-mortem in one pet rabbit with an acute abdomen. The aim of this article is to describe two spontaneous cases of appendicitis in pet rabbits, to describe therapeutic appendectomy, and to discuss the microbial flora of the inflamed appendix. A 5-month-old intact female and a 16-month-old, neutered male were presented to the veterinary clinic with restlessness, anorexia, and reduced faecal output. The main clinical findings were restlessness, severe discomfort on abdominal palpation, a mid-abdominal palpable tubulous mass and an elevated rectal temperature. Blood analyses showed lymphocytosis, monocytosis, and hyperglycaemia. Radiography was inconclusive. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a presence of a tubular structure with wall thicknesses of 4.2 and 3.7 mm in the two rabbits, respectively. The tubular structure had a rounded, closed end, and a multilayered wall, suggestive of appendicitis. Due to metabolic acidosis and poor prognosis, the first rabbit was euthanized. In the 16-month-old rabbit, appendectomy was performed. Recovery was uneventful, and 4 h after surgery, the rabbit started to become normally active. Postoperative care consisted of fluid therapy, multimodal analgesia, supportive care and prokinetics. Follow-up examinations at 10 days, 1 month, and at 11 months after the surgery did not show any abnormal clinical or laboratory findings. Histopathological examination of appendices from both rabbits showed gangrenous appendicitis. Aerobic cultivation showed the presence of pure culture of Klebsiella variicola sensitive to enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin, tetracycline, cefuroxime, trimethoprim sulphonamide, neomycin, and gentamicin. Restlessness associated with anorexia, abdominal pain, palpable abdominal mass, hyperglycaemia, lymphocytosis, and elevated rectal temperature may be indicative of inflammation within the gastrointestinal tract. Abdominal ultrasound is recommended in rabbits with showing these clinical signs because radiography can be inconclusive. Appendicitis is a life-threatening condition, which should be included into the list of differential diagnoses; for the rabbit, an acute abdomen and gastrointestinal stasis syndrome and must be treated immediately. K. variicola may be associated with appendicitis in rabbits as a causative agent or in association with appendix intraluminal dysmicrobia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case Report: Spontaneous Appendicitis With Suspected Involvement of Klebsiella variicola in Two Pet Rabbits

Jekl

Piskovska²,

Drnkova³

et al. 2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…1,2 These animals are subject to several diseases that may affect coagulation, including hepatic disorders, rodenticide poisoning, disseminated intravascular coagulation, ferret hemorrhagic syndrome, and hereditary coagulopathies. 3,4 Thus, reference intervals for coagulation times in ferrets represent an essential tool in diagnosis and management of coagulopathies, as well as the evaluation of potential risk prior to surgery. As clotting time may be analyzer and reagent dependent, it is of great importance that the veterinarian interprets values according to the analyzer used.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of two point-of-care analyzers provides reference intervals of prothrombin time and activated partial prothrombin time in nonanesthetized healthy ferrets (Mustela putorius furo)

Bernhard

Linsart²,

Larrat

et al. 2023

javma

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OBJECTIVE Coagulation tests are an essential tool in the diagnosis and management of coagulopathies in mammals. The aim of the current study was to establish reference intervals for prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial PT (aPTT) in healthy ferrets using 2 different point-of-care analyzers (Idexx Coag DX and MS QuickVet Coag Combo). ANIMALS 86 clinically healthy ferrets under 3 years of age (47 females and 39 males) from 4 breeders and 2 private practices. PROCEDURES Blood samples were collected from the cranial vena cava in all ferrets without anesthesia and placed in trisodium 3.2% citrated plastic tubes. Sixty-six blood samples from the 4 ferret breeding farms and 1 private practice were analyzed using the Idexx Coag DX and 21 from the other private practice using the MS QuickVet Coag Combo. RESULTS Reference intervals for the Idexx Coag DX were as follows: aPTT (n = 65), 69.84 to 105.99 seconds; PT (65), 14.44 to 21.98 seconds. Reference intervals for the MS QuickVet Coag Combo were as follows: aPTT (n = 21), 74.90 to 115.50 seconds; PT (21), 18.31 to 23.05 seconds. With both types of analyzers, there was no significant age effect on aPTT and PT. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study provided coagulation times for 2 point-of-care analyzers in healthy ferrets as a tool for the diagnosis of coagulopathies.

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Some cardiopulmonary effects of capnoperitoneum in anesthetized guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus): spontaneous ventilation versus intubation and mechanical ventilation

McCready¹,

Sánchez²,

Tisotti³

et al. 2023

Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia

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Emergency and Critical Care of Small Mammals

Cited by 5 publications

References 35 publications

Case Report: Spontaneous Appendicitis With Suspected Involvement of Klebsiella variicola in Two Pet Rabbits

Case Report: Spontaneous Appendicitis With Suspected Involvement of Klebsiella variicola in Two Pet Rabbits

Use of two point-of-care analyzers provides reference intervals of prothrombin time and activated partial prothrombin time in nonanesthetized healthy ferrets (Mustela putorius furo)

Some cardiopulmonary effects of capnoperitoneum in anesthetized guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus): spontaneous ventilation versus intubation and mechanical ventilation

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