Emergency Blower-Based Ventilator with Novel-Designed Ventilation Sensor and Actuator

Abstract

The ventilator, a life-saving device for COVID-19-infected patients, especially for pneumonia patients whose lungs are infected, has overwhelmingly skyrocketed since the pandemic of COVID-19 diseases started in December 2019. As a result, many biomedical engineers have rushed to design and construct emergency ventilators, using the Ambu-bag squeezing ventilator to compensate for the insufficient ventilators supply. The Ambu-bag squeezing ventilator, however, suffers from the limitation of delivered tidal volume to the patient, the setting respiration rate and the noisy operational sound due to the movement of mechanic parts. The Ambu-bag based ventilator is, hence, not suitable for prolonged treatment of the patient. This paper presents a design and construction of a blower-based pressure-controlled ventilator for home-treatment COVID-19 patients featured with our novel-designed flow and pressure sensor, electronic peep valve and proportional controlled valve. Our proposed ventilator can be programmed with the suitable parameter setting depending upon the weight, height, gender, and blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) of the patients. This is useful in the current situation of COVID-19 pandemics, where trained medical staff is limited. The designed ventilator is also equipped with a safety mechanism, including an excessive-pressure-release valve, excessive flow rate, overpressure, and over-temperature blower to prevent any hazardous event. A home ventilator server is also set where all ventilator parameters will be acquired and broadcasted for remote access of the health provider. The designed blower-based ventilator has been calibrated and evaluated with a lung simulator and standard ventilator tester, including alarmed functions, safety mechanism, sound level, and regulated pressure. The respiration output graph is complied with the simulation. The blower-based ventilator for home-treatment COVID-19 patients is suitable for life support, commensurate with the strict requirements of the FDA for life-support ventilators, and ready to be tested with animal subjects in the next phase.

Design and Build a Ventilator Tester with a Peak Inspiratory Flow Waveform Display as Validation using the F1031V Sensor

“…If the correction value is smaller, the better the performance of the module will be. Based on TABLE 4, it can be seen if the correction value in the measurement results of the Ventilator Tester [31][7] [16], module on Ventilator 1 is the same, namely 0.2. Meanwhile, in the Ventilator 2 measurement, the largest correction value is found in the settings of 20 LPM and 30 LPM, namely 0.4.…”

“…Higher PIF may also be required in patients with obstructive pulmonary disease to reduce inspiratory time [11][12] [13], thereby increasing expiratory time and reducing the risk of auto-PEEP [14][15] [16].…”

“…In the appearance of the PIF parameter there is a waveform to determine the timing of respiration on mechanical ventilation, in this waveform the timing of the patient's breathing will be known according to the settings given by the nurse, monitoring the waveform from PIF will be very useful to provide further treatment for patients, this has the potential to improve the results of the use of the ventilator [17] [16], thus making the waveform an important parameter for monitoring in order to determine the accuracy of the waveform detected by the ventilator, in the last few studies discussing the ventilator tester module it provides information about the ventilator output but not the waveform which is output by the sensor, with these shortcomings the researcher wants to discuss the appearance of the PIF parameter waveform as a ventilator output validation [18][4] [11]. In 2014, Fred Duprez et al, conducted a study on the accuracy of medical oxygen using flowmeters this study aims to determine the accuracy of medical flow to determine the error rate generated from medical flow meters, and obtain conclusion if the number of use of flow meters will affect the accuracy of the output [19].…”

Automated air pressure control system in a motorised breathing apparatus

“…2 (13) "Mode adjustment" (automatic mode, turbo mode, emergency mode); button No. 3 (14) -"Display backlight"; light indicators: red indicator light (15) -"Accident", blue indicator light (16) -"Turbo", green indicator light (17), memory card (18), display (19) speaker (20), battery charger (21), USB connector for connecting to a PC for configuring and adjusting the software of the air purification device (22), monitoring unit (23), power supply unit (24) consisting of three batteries (25), channel (26), fan (27), controller (28), tachometer (29), surge protector (30), sensor for monitoring the presence of dust in the atmosphere of the working area (31), sensor for monitoring temperature and humidity in the atmosphere of the working area (32), sensor for monitoring the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere of the working area (33), pressure monitoring sensor in the low pressure zone (34), pressure monitoring sensors in the high pressure zone (35), temperature and humidity monitoring sensor in the high pressure zone (36), purified air heater (37) Source: S. Cheberyachko et al (2020) such a situation can occur when there is no effective pressure control system or other variable parameters.…”

Design and Build a Ventalitor Tester With PIP and PIF Waveform Displays As Validation (PIP)

“…Checks are carried out to ensure the output of the ventilator is in accordance with the settings made by the nurse on the ventilator, this check is also known as with calibration [10] [11], calibration is carried out using special tools that have been tested by the manufacturer to ensure the calibration tool has high accuracy and precision so that it can be used to determine the feasibility of a medical device to be used on patients [12], this calibration activity it is very important to do especially on tools that are often used so that the use of tools that should be a support for patients does not become a boomerang that worsens the patient's condition. And in the current condition where calibration tools are needed to support checking medical devices, especially calibration tools for ventilators [13] [14], where in the last few years they are very often used, but the lack of calibration tools to check ventilators is an obstacle that is of concern, so several studies has been done to make an emergency ventilator calibration tool with the aim of making an emergency calibration tool to check the ventilator output. However, in some of these studies there has been no retrieval and analysis to display the waveform as a parameter to validate the ventilator output [12], with this background the researcher wants to analyze the waveform as a parameter to validate the ventilator output.…”