Emergency department opioid discharge instructions: a multidisciplinary national Delphi study

Abstract

Objectives Currently, there are no Canadian guidelines for discharge instruction to be given to patients receiving an opioid prescription in the ED. This likely contributes to inadequate discharge instructions for these potentially dangerous medications. The principal goal of this study was to develop an interdisciplinary Canadian consensus regarding important concepts to be included in written opioid discharge instructions within the ED setting. Methods We conducted a modified Delphi study between May and August 2021. The national multidisciplinary panel consisted of 23 healthcare professionals and one patient partner. The survey consisted of 19 initial concepts developed after a review of the literature and a meeting with local experts. The panel added four new concepts after the first survey round. Three rounds of online surveys were distributed in total. Panel consensus was defined a priori as a disagreement index score less than 1, in accordance with the RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method. ResultsWe achieved a 100% response rate in round one and a 96% response rate in rounds two and three of our Delphi study. There was group consensus (disagreement index = 0.66, median importance = 9) that all patients receiving opioid prescriptions from the ED should receive written discharge instructions. The interdisciplinary panel arrived at a consensus on 21/23 concepts for ED opioid discharge instructions. The concepts with the highest level of agreement were related to minimizing the use of the prescribed opioid medication and opioid use safety (mixing with drugs/alcohol, storage, and impairment). Conclusion This Delphi study with a national, multidisciplinary panel achieved consensus on 21 concepts that should be included in written discharge instructions to patients receiving an opioid prescription upon discharge from the ED. Keywords Emergency department • Opioid • Delphi consensus method • Discharge instructions • Patient education RésuméObjectifs Actuellement, il n'y a pas de lignes directrices canadiennes sur les instructions de sortie à donner aux patients qui reçoivent une ordonnance d'opioïdes aux urgences. Cela contribue probablement à des instructions de sortie inadéquates pour ces médicaments potentiellement dangereux. L'objectif principal de cette étude était d'établir un consensus canadien interdisciplinaire sur les concepts importants à inclure dans les directives écrites de sortie des opioïdes dans le contexte des urgences.