Emergency Glucagon: a Focused Review of Psychosocial Experiences of Rescue Drugs for Type 1 Diabetes

Severe Hypoglycemia and the Use of Glucagon Rescue Agents: An Observational Survey in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes

“…The burden of SH remains a challenge throughout the lives of people with type 1 diabetes and has a substantial impact on their emotional well-being, diabetes management, and health outcomes ( 17 , 27 ). Although previous studies have examined the emotional impact of SH and glucagon rescue treatment on caregivers of individuals with type 1 diabetes ( 36 – 38 ), literature is limited about the views and emotions connected with hypoglycemia and glucagon rescue use of people with type 1 diabetes themselves ( 19 ). For this reason, the objective of this research study was to provide an updated real-world perspective on emergency glucagon use of individuals with type 1 diabetes, as available glucagon products have become more diversified with the introduction of second-generation, ready-to-use rescue products.…”

“…Glucagon has been the first-line emergency treatment for SH in insulin-treated people with diabetes since the 1960s ( 19 ). The ADA recommends prescribing glucagon for all individuals at an increased risk of level 2 and level 3 hypoglycemia so that it is available when needed ( 3 ).…”

“…To date, there has been limited research on the experiences and emotions of individuals with diabetes regarding hypoglycemia and glucagon rescue use. This dearth of research is concerning considering the potentially severe consequences that a lack of glucagon use can have for SH recovery ( 19 ). To address these questions, we surveyed adults with type 1 diabetes to gain a real-world understanding of their experiences with hypoglycemia and the use of glucagon rescue products, identify barriers to glucagon use, and determine their preferences for glucagon rescue product characteristics.…”

Emerging Adult and Caregiver Psychosocial Experiences with Severe Hypoglycemic Events and the Perceived Impact of Nasal Glucagon: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…Glucagon is an effective treatment for severe hypoglycemic events [4], but studies show that glucagon usage remains low [10,11]. Low usage may be in part because of the perceived difficulty in administering traditional injectable glucagon-which was the only approved treatment until 2019 [12][13][14][15][16][17]. While designated caregivers themselves may know how and be confident enough to use an emergency injectable glucagon kit (e-kit), other people PWD may rely on, such as grandparents or friends, may not.…”

Evaluating Ease of Use and Patient Safety of Dasiglucagon Hypo Pal Autoinjector for the Management of Hypoglycemia

“…All participants of the study reported it was easier and less stressful than the emergency kit glucagon. 8 The pre-filled auto-injector is the newest developed method of administering glucagon and is supplied in a ready to use, room temperature stable, liquid form of glucagon. Simulation studies have shown that the auto-injector is perceived by caregivers and people with T1 Diabetes as easier to use, safer, and faster, due to less preparation, than the standard glucagon kit that requires re-constitution.…”