Emergency Open-source Three-dimensional Printable Ventilator Circuit Splitter and Flow Regulator during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Lai, Bryan K.; Erian, Jennifer L.; Pew, Scott H.; Eckmann, Maxim

doi:10.1097/aln.0000000000003332

Cited by 31 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…Ventilator splitting has been introduced as a strategy to support multiple patients on the same ventilator and has been implemented at a number of institutions during dire situations [5]- [7]. Recent advances, such as the addition of resistors [8], clamps [9], and valves [10], has allowed ventilator splitting to be useful for carefully matched patients [7]. However, ventilator splitting remains unable to be safely and rapidly implemented for patients with significantly differing pulmonary compliances [9] or minute ventilation requirements [10], as this could lead to volutrauma, barotrauma, and/or hypoventilation of one or both of the patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Ventilator Splitting During COVID-19 Pandemic Using 3D Printed Devices and Numerical Modeling of 200 Million Patient Specific Air Flow Scenarios

Bishawi

Kaplan

Chidyagwai

et al. 2020

Preprint

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There has been a pressing need for an expansion of the ventilator capacity in response to the recent COVID19 pandemic. To address this need, we present a system to enable rapid and efficacious splitting between two or more patients with varying lung compliances and tidal volume requirements. Reserved for dire situations, ventilator splitting is complex, and has been limited to patients with similar pulmonary compliances and tidal volume requirements. Here, we report a 3D printed ventilator splitter and resistor system (VSRS) that uses interchangeable airflow resistors to deliver optimal tidal volumes to patients with differing respiratory physiologies, thereby expanding the applicability of ventilator splitting to a larger patient pool. We demonstrate the capability of the VSRS using benchtop test lungs and standard-of-care ventilators, which produced data used to validate a complementary, patient-specific airflow computational model. The computational model allows clinicians to rapidly select optimal resistor sizes and predict delivered pressures and tidal volumes on-demand from different patient characteristics and ventilator settings. Due to the inherent need for rapid deployment, all simulations for the wide range of clinically-relevant patient characteristics and ventilator settings were pre-computed and compiled into an easy to use mobile app. As a result, over 200 million individual computational simulations were performed to maximize the number of scenarios for which the VSRS can provide assistance. The VSRS will help address the pressing need for increased ventilator capacity by allowing ventilator splitting to be used with patients with differing pulmonary physiologies and respiratory requirements, which will be particularly useful for developing countries and rural communities with a limited ventilator supply.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Ventilator Splitting During COVID-19 Pandemic Using 3D Printed Devices and Numerical Modeling of 200 Million Patient Specific Air Flow Scenarios

Bishawi

Kaplan

Chidyagwai

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Another approach to provide products uses the technically and economically-viable open source small-scale digital technologies and off-the-shelf components for distributed manufacturing [21] , [22] . There has already been a concerted effort to apply open source hardware and 3-D printing during the COVID-19 pandemic [23] , [24] , [25] , [26] , [27] , [28] , [29] . In addition, challenges with supply chains during any type of pandemic can be partially offset by open source recyclebots [30] , [31] , [32] , [33] , [34] and direct recycling extrusion [35] to close the loop on material supplies with local waste converted into additive manufacturing feedstock [36] , [37] , [38] , [39] , [40] , [41] .…”

Section: Hardware In Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partially RepRapable automated open source bag valve mask-based ventilator

Petsiuk¹,

Tanikella²,

Dertinger³

et al. 2020

HardwareX

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“…This study is intended to outline and detail the design process for an open source device, to provide a framework on which to build such a device, and to provide a low-cost, accessible option for PPE in such an event as the current COVID-19 pandemic. Distributed manufacturing of open hardware has been shown to be an effective means to meet demand for a wide array of medical supplies during this immense supply shortages observed in the current pandemic [102] , [103] , [104] , [105] , [106] , [107] , [108] , [109] , [110] , [111] .…”

Section: Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion of self-contained breathing apparatus mask to open source powered air-purifying particulate respirator for fire fighter COVID-19 response

Hubbard¹,

Pearce²

2020

HardwareX

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Emergency Open-source Three-dimensional Printable Ventilator Circuit Splitter and Flow Regulator during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Cited by 31 publications

References 1 publication

Rapid Ventilator Splitting During COVID-19 Pandemic Using 3D Printed Devices and Numerical Modeling of 200 Million Patient Specific Air Flow Scenarios

Rapid Ventilator Splitting During COVID-19 Pandemic Using 3D Printed Devices and Numerical Modeling of 200 Million Patient Specific Air Flow Scenarios

Partially RepRapable automated open source bag valve mask-based ventilator

Conversion of self-contained breathing apparatus mask to open source powered air-purifying particulate respirator for fire fighter COVID-19 response

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