Emergency room injury presentations as an indicator of alcohol-related problems in the community: a multilevel analysis of an international study.

Correlates of Injury Among ED Visits: Effects of Alcohol, Risk Perception, Impulsivity, and Sensation Seeking Behaviors

“…Our findings also confirm earlier findings pertaining to the role of age and gender in injury presentation in the ED (11,12). In this study we found that being young and male were significantly associated with presenting to ED for injury when controlling for all other confounding factors.…”

Variations of alcohol impairment in different types, causes and contexts of injuries: Results of emergency room studies from 16 countries

“…If a similar study were conducted to assess the risk of alcohol impairment in violence using control subjects, these subjects would ideally be selected at the same setting, day of week and time of day as the controls. Common settings for violence are at a bar and in the home and common times for violence are nights and weekends (Young et al, 2004). Since the base rates of drinking are likely higher in these settings/times, as opposed to working or driving for instance, more definitive data are needed to show causality.…”

Impacts of the Minimum Legal Drinking Age on Motor Vehicle Collisions in Québec, 2000−2012

“…MVCs occurring at night are commonly used as a surrogate to identify alcohol-related collisions. 3,36,57 Two thirds of fatal nighttime MVCs involve alcohol, compared with one quarter of daytime MVCs. 43 …”