Emergent carotid endarterectomy and mechanical thrombectomy in tandem occlusion

Abstract

Background: Acute tandem occlusions, or occlusions of the extracranial portion of the internal carotid artery (ICA) with concurrent thromboembolism of the intracranial ICA or middle cerebral artery, poses a major clinical challenge, with patients suffering worse outcomes compared to those with single occlusions. Management of these lesions generally includes a combination of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) of the intracranial occlusion and stenting of the extracranial carotid lesion. In this manuscript, we describe a successful surgical method for achieving revascularization of tandem occlusions in the rare circumstance that the proximal lesion cannot be crossed endovascularly to gain intracranial access. Methods: Despite using our institution’s standard protocol for achieving revascularization of such lesions, the extracranial occlusion could not be crossed endovascularly, and the case was converted to an emergent carotid endarterectomy (CEA) in the operating room. Once the endarterectomy was complete, intraoperative MT was performed before cervical incision closure to revascularization. Results: The patient recovered well postoperatively and was discharged with NIHSS of 2 due to minor facial palsy and minor dysarthria. Thirty-day follow-up revealed resolution of the prior neurologic deficits and an mRS of 1. Conclusion: Emergent CEA should be considered in the rare circumstance of being unable to cross the cervical occlusion during management of acute ischemic stroke with tandem occlusion.