Emergent Data Analysis Techniques in Mixed Methods Research: A
                    Synthesis

Onwuegbuzie, Anthony J.; Combs, Julie

doi:10.4135/9781506335193.n17

Cited by 199 publications

(190 citation statements)

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“…Bottom-up coding was undertaken for each HTA report [30], where codes were created while examining the data to summarize and categorize the criteria identified within the case studies. The unit of coding, which is the section of text coded representing one criterion, was defined and illustrated with examples to avoid confusion or duplication in the results [31].…”

Section: Data Sources and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Developing an evidence-based methodological framework to systematically compare HTA coverage decisions: A mixed methods study

Nicod

Kanavos

2016

Health Policy

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Original citation:Nicod, Elena and Kanavos, Panos (2016) Developing an evidence-based methodological framework to systematically compare HTA coverage decisions: a mixed methods study. Health Policy, 120 (1). pp. 35-45. ISSN 0168-8510 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2015 Reuse of this item is permitted through licensing under the Creative Commons: a b s t r a c tHealth Technology Assessment (HTA) often results in different coverage recommendations across countries for a same medicine despite similar methodological approaches. This paper develops and pilots a methodological framework that systematically identifies the reasons for these differences using an exploratory sequential mixed methods research design. The study countries were England, Scotland, Sweden and France. The methodological framework was built around three stages of the HTA process: (a) evidence, (b) its interpretation, and (c) its influence on the final recommendation; and was applied to two orphan medicinal products. The criteria accounted for at each stage were qualitatively analyzed through thematic analysis. Piloting the framework for two medicines, eight trials, 43 clinical endpoints and seven economic models were coded 155 times. Eighteen different uncertainties about this evidence were coded 28 times, 56% of which pertained to evidence commonly appraised and 44% to evidence considered by only some agencies. The poor agreement in interpreting this evidence (Ä = 0.183) was partly explained by stakeholder input (n s = 48 times), or by agency-specific risk (n u = 28 uncertainties) and value preferences (n oc = 62 "other considerations"), derived through correspondence analysis. Accounting for variability at each stage of the process can be achieved by codifying its existence and quantifying its impact through the application of this framework. The transferability of this framework to other disease areas, medicines and countries is ensured by its iterative and flexible nature, and detailed description.

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Section: Data Sources and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In stage III, codes were quantitatively analyzed both vertically and horizontally through descriptive exploratory analyses [30] to study their interrelationships. Thematicmatrixes summarizing the codes per medicine and country were exported from NVivo10 into Excel and transformed into nominal variables.…”

Section: Data Sources and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing an evidence-based methodological framework to systematically compare HTA coverage decisions: A mixed methods study

Nicod

Kanavos

2016

Health Policy

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“…Bottom-up coding was performed, where codes were inductively created while examining the data to summarise what was put forward and categorise this data depending on the type of information provided. (18) The section of text coded included all the text referring to the "other consideration". For example, the whole section of text referring to the scarcity in the treatments alternatives available would be coded as "few treatment alternatives".…”

Section: Data Collection and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific and Social Value Judgments for Orphan Drugs in Health Technology Assessment

Nicod¹,

Kanavos

2016

Int J Technol Assess Health Care

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Objectives.We explore how broader aspects of a treatment's value and the impact of the condition on patients not captured by routine Health Technology Assessment (HTA) methods using clinical and economic evidence, defined as "other considerations", may influence HTA processes in different settings. Methods.Countries included were England, Scotland, Sweden, and France. Data sources were the publicly available reports on HTA recommendations. Ten drugs with EMA orphan designation and appraised in England were selected. Qualitative thematic analysis was used to systematically identify and code all "other considerations" based on a previously validated methodological framework, which also coded whether it was provided by stakeholders, and how it influenced the decision. Results.A classification framework of scientific and social value judgments was developed and used throughout the study. 125 "other considerations" were identified and grouped into ten subcategories based on the information provided. 18% to 100% of these, depending on the agency, were put forward as one of the main reasons for the final decision potentially contributing to accepting a higher ICER or uncertain evidence. Some of these were nonquantified or non-elicited and pertained to the assessor's judgment. A taxonomy of these value judgments was created to be used in future cases. Results also contributed to better defining the determinants of social value and improving accountability for reasonableness. 3 Conclusions.The systematic identification of the scientific and social value judgments enables to better understanding the dimensions of value, which can be used to improve their transparency and consistent use across decisions and settings.4

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“…Thus while the analyses were carried out, the data had to be identified very carefully, with different logics applied depending on the research questions and dimensions (Morse and Niehaus, 2009;Onwuegbuzie and Combs, 2010). In concrete terms, different populations (Ego, EgoTempo, Alter, AlterTempo, DyadTempo, NetworkTempo) have been identified, but they were interlinked (Ego mentions Alter, the Ego-Alter dyads have relationships and the totality of Ego's Alters constitute a network).…”

Section: Which Databases For Which Questions: "Leaps" Under Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining qualitative, quantitative and structural dimensions in a longitudinal perspective. The case of network influence

Bidart

Cacciuttolo

2012

Qual Quant

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Emergent Data Analysis Techniques in Mixed Methods Research: A Synthesis

Cited by 199 publications

References 0 publications

Developing an evidence-based methodological framework to systematically compare HTA coverage decisions: A mixed methods study

Developing an evidence-based methodological framework to systematically compare HTA coverage decisions: A mixed methods study

Scientific and Social Value Judgments for Orphan Drugs in Health Technology Assessment

Combining qualitative, quantitative and structural dimensions in a longitudinal perspective. The case of network influence

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