Emerging and legacy per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in water, sediment, and air of the Bohai Sea and its surrounding rivers

Zhao, Zhen; Cheng, Xiawei; Hua, Xia; Jiang, Bin; Tian, Chongguo; Tang, Jianhui; Li, Qilu; Sun, Hongwen; Lin, Tian; Liao, Yuhong; Zhang, Gan

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114391

Cited by 83 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 76 publications

(117 reference statements)

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“…The less frequently measured compounds include the C13–C16 PFCAs, degradation products of fluorotelomer alcohols such as perfluoro telomer unsaturated carboxylates (6:2 FTUCA, 8:2 PFUCA), FOSA derivatives (eg MeFOSE), and perfluorocyclohexanesulfonic acid (PFECHS) (SI Table S2). Replacements for PFOA such as the perfluoroalkyl ether carboxylates (PFECAs) HFPO–DA and ADONA, and perfluoroalkylether sulfonates (PFESAs)(F53B) are increasingly being reported in rivers, coastal , and ocean waters . However, data with which to assess broad spatial and temporal trends are generally lacking for the replacement PFAS and thus our focus is on the 14 widely measured PFCAs and PFSAs including FOSA.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and Temporal Trends of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Global Ocean and Coastal Waters

Muir

Miaz

2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

122

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Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been widely detected in global surface waters since the early 2000s. Here, we have compiled and analyzed the published data for perfluorocarboxylates (PFCAs) and perfluorosulfonates (PFSAs) in surface waters of coastal seas, the Great Lakes, and open oceans to examine temporal and geospatial trends. Mass discharges from major rivers were also estimated. A large number of measurements of individual PFAS have been made in these surface waters (29 500 values), with seven C4−C10 PFSAs and nine C4−C12 PFCAs accounting for 83% of all data. However, most results (85% for PFSAs; 80% for PFCAs) were for the coastal seas of Western Europe, China, Korea, and Japan, while results were limited for coastal North America and lacking for South America and Africa. Highest median concentrations of PFCAs and PFSAs were reported in the Bohai and Yellow Seas region of China as well as in the North and Baltic seas in Europe. Significant declines in median PFSAs and C7−C12 PFCAs were also observed for the period 2012−2018 in these same regions, and for 2004−2017 in the Great Lakes. Mass discharge estimates indicated continued substantial riverine emissions of long chain (C7−C12) PFCAs in the period 2015−2019 for the coastal seas of China and reductions in emissions for Western European rivers compared to earlier time periods.

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Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and Temporal Trends of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Global Ocean and Coastal Waters

Muir

Miaz

2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

122

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“…S7 indicate much higher concentrations of BDE209 than DBDPE in August in almost all sampling stations. The atmosphere and river are important vectors for POPs from terrestrial sources to the seawater (Zhao et al, 2020;Mulder et al, 2015). According to the samples collected from 31 rivers around the Bohai Sea in summer 2013, the total riverine input of BDE209 and DBDPE were estimated to be 140 and 19 kg season À1 (unpublished data from our group), and the atmospheric deposition fluxes of them were 21 and 29 kg season À1 , respectively (details were shown in section 3.3 and Table S16).…”

Section: Seasonal Patterns Of Hfrs In Seawatermentioning

confidence: 99%

Legacy and novel halogenated flame retardants in seawater and atmosphere of the Bohai Sea: Spatial trends, seasonal variations, and influencing factors

et al. 2020

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“…Perfluoroalkyl ether carboxylic acids (PFECAs) are a relatively new class of short-chain PFAS used to replace PFOA [ 8 ]. Some of these compounds, such as GenX, HPFO-TA, and ADONA, have recently been detected both in freshwater and seawater ecosystems [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. One of the main substitutes of PFOA is C6O4, also named (difluoro{[2,2,4,5-tetrafluoro-5-(trifluoromethoxy)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]oxy}acetic acid) ( Figure 1 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Evidence of In Vitro Effects of C6O4—A Substitute of PFOA—On Haemocytes of the Clam Ruditapes philippinarum

Fabrello

Targhetta

Ciscato

et al. 2021

Toxics

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Alternative chemicals to per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances have recently been introduced in various industrial processes. C6O4 (difluoro{[2,2,4,5-tetrafluoro-5-(trifluoromethoxy)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]oxy}acetic acid) is a new surfactant and emulsifier used as a replacement for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). From an ecotoxicological point of view, in vitro assays are useful tools for assessing the negative effects and understanding the mechanisms of action of chemicals at the cellular level. Here, we present the results of an in vitro study in which the effects of C6O4 were evaluated—for the first time—on haemocytes of the clam Ruditapes philippinarum. Cells were exposed to three concentrations of C6O4 (0.05, 0.5, 5 μg/mL) and the effects on haemocyte viability, haemocyte morphology, differential haemocyte count, lysosomal membrane stability, superoxide anion production, acid phosphatase, and β-glucuronidase activities, as well as on the percentage of micronuclei and chromosomal aberrations were evaluated. The results demonstrated that C6O4 significantly affected haemocyte morphology, lysosomal membrane stability, hydrolytic enzyme activity, and superoxide anion production, and promoted chromosomal aberrations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study revealing the in vitro effects of C6O4, a substitute for PFOA, on haemocytes from a bivalve species.

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Emerging and legacy per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in water, sediment, and air of the Bohai Sea and its surrounding rivers

Cited by 83 publications

References 76 publications

Spatial and Temporal Trends of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Global Ocean and Coastal Waters

Spatial and Temporal Trends of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Global Ocean and Coastal Waters

Legacy and novel halogenated flame retardants in seawater and atmosphere of the Bohai Sea: Spatial trends, seasonal variations, and influencing factors

First Evidence of In Vitro Effects of C6O4—A Substitute of PFOA—On Haemocytes of the Clam Ruditapes philippinarum

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