Emerging applications of EEM-PARAFAC for water treatment: a concise review

Sciscenko, Iván; Arqués, A.; Micó, Pau; Mora, M.; García-Ballesteros, Sara

doi:10.1016/j.ceja.2022.100286

Cited by 36 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Previous reviews of EEM-PARAFAC have included: a general overview of the technique, applications in drinking water and wastewater treatment plants, , critical evaluation of commonly used fluorescence metrics, potential pitfalls of oversimplification of EEM interpretations, application of SOMs for EEM data analysis, , new approaches for similarity metrics, and the practical challenges for continuous, online monitoring applications. , However, to date, no article has critically reviewed the potential of ubiquitous environmental fluorophores as low cost optical surrogates for DBP formation potential at a global scale. Hence, the present critical review aims to identify statistically significant and recurrent empirical relationships between FDOM components (identified by PARAFAC) and DBP formation reported in the available literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorescent Dissolved Organic Matter Components as Surrogates for Disinfection Byproduct Formation in Drinking Water: A Critical Review

et al. 2023

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Disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation, prediction, and minimization are critical challenges facing the drinking water treatment industry worldwide where chemical disinfection is required to inactivate pathogenic microorganisms. Fluorescence excitation–emission matrices-parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC) is used to characterize and quantify fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) components in aquatic systems and may offer considerable promise as a low-cost optical surrogate for DBP formation in treated drinking waters. However, the global utility of this approach for quantification and prediction of specific DBP classes or species has not been widely explored to date. Hence, this critical review aims to elucidate recurring empirical relationships between common environmental fluorophores (identified by PARAFAC) and DBP concentrations produced during water disinfection. From 45 selected peer-reviewed articles, 218 statistically significant linear relationships (R 2 ≥ 0.5) with one or more DBP classes or species were established. Trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs), as key regulated classes, were extensively investigated and exhibited strong, recurrent relationships with ubiquitous humic/fulvic-like FDOM components, highlighting their potential as surrogates for carbonaceous DBP formation. Conversely, observed relationships between nitrogenous DBP classes, such as haloacetonitriles (HANs), halonitromethanes (HNMs), and N-nitrosamines (NAs), and PARAFAC fluorophores were more ambiguous, but preferential relationships with protein-like components in the case of algal/microbial FDOM sources were noted. This review highlights the challenges of transposing site-specific or FDOM source-specific empirical relationships between PARAFAC component and DBP formation potential to a global model.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorescent Dissolved Organic Matter Components as Surrogates for Disinfection Byproduct Formation in Drinking Water: A Critical Review

et al. 2023

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“…PARAFAC analysis was performed employing MATLAB 2021a software with the free and user friendly graphical user interface, EEMlab [ 39 ], employing the drEEM toolbox [ 16 ]. Data pre-processing and modelling was performed as described in previous works [ 12 , 40 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Chemometrics to Visualise Fluoroquinolones Photodegradation Major Trends: A Confirmation Study with Mass Spectrometry

et al. 2023

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In this work, we employed EEM-PARAFAC (fluorescence excitation-emission matrices-parallel factor analysis) as a low-cost tool to study the oxidation pathways of (fluoro)quinolones. Amounts of 12.5 μM of enrofloxacin (ENR), ciprofloxacin (CIP), ofloxacin (OFL), oxolinic acid (OA), and flumequine (FLU), as individual solutions, were irradiated under UVA light. A 5-component PARAFAC model was obtained, four of them related to the parent pollutants, named as ENR-like (including CIP), OFL-like, OA-like, and FLU-like, and an additional one related to photoproducts, called ENRox-like (with an emission red-shift with respect to the ENR-like component). Mass spectrometry was employed to correlate the five PARAFAC components with their plausible molecular structures. Results indicated that photoproducts presenting: (i) hydroxylation or alkyl cleavages exhibited fingerprints analogous to those of the parent pollutants; (ii) defluorination and hydroxylation emitted within the ENRox-like region; iii) the aforementioned changes plus piperazine ring cleavage emitted within the OA-like region. Afterwards, the five antibiotics were mixed in a single solution (each at a concentration of 0.25 μM) in seawater, PARAFAC being also able to deconvolute the fingerprint of humic-like substances. This approach could be a potential game changer in the analysis of (fluorescent) contaminants of emerging concern removals in complex matrices, giving rapid visual insights into the degradation pathways.

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“…Each compound has its characteristic absorption spectrum, and part of the spectra can overlap in the wavelength range of interest. 63 To address this challenge, the dynamic change of the data is required to obtain the matrix equation, 64,65 which will be the scope of our future work. Generally, such overlap will not impact the in situ monitoring because: (1) the in situ monitoring is based on differential absorption spectroscopy, in which the calculation uses absorbance variation at a given wavelength.…”

Section: Catalysis Science and Technology Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ dynamic monitoring of the photodegradation process through differential absorption spectroscopy

Li,

Ghasemi,

et al. 2024

Catal. Sci. Technol.

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Emerging applications of EEM-PARAFAC for water treatment: a concise review

Cited by 36 publications

References 67 publications

Fluorescent Dissolved Organic Matter Components as Surrogates for Disinfection Byproduct Formation in Drinking Water: A Critical Review

Fluorescent Dissolved Organic Matter Components as Surrogates for Disinfection Byproduct Formation in Drinking Water: A Critical Review

Use of Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Chemometrics to Visualise Fluoroquinolones Photodegradation Major Trends: A Confirmation Study with Mass Spectrometry

In situ dynamic monitoring of the photodegradation process through differential absorption spectroscopy

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