Emerging Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases in Bangladesh

Abstract

As a result of an epidemiological transition from communicable to non-communicable diseases for last few decades, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are being considered as an important cause of mortality and morbidity in many developing countries including Bangladesh. Performing an extensive literature search, we compiled, summarized, and categorized the existing information about CVD mortality and morbidity among different clusters of Bangladeshi population. The present review reports that the burden of CVD in terms of mortality and morbidity is on the rise in Bangladesh. Despite a few non-communicable disease prevention and control programs currently running in Bangladesh, there is an urgent need for well-coordinated national intervention strategies and public health actions to minimize the CVD burden in Bangladesh. As the main challenge for CVD control in a developing country is unavailability of adequate epidemiological data related to various CVD events, the present review attempted to accumulate such data in the current context of Bangladesh. This may be of interest to all stakeholder groups working for CVD prevention and control across the country and globe. J Atheroscler Thromb, 2016; 23: 365-375.

Cardiovascular Disease in Bangladesh: A Review

“…The reported prevalence varies widely from 1.21% to 32%. 11,16,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] (Table 2). According to the Bangladesh NCD Risk Factor Survey 2010 27 , the prevalence of hypertension is 17.9% in general, 18.5% in men and 17.3% in women.…”

“…94 The average Bangladeshi eats a total of 126 g of fruit and vegetables daily 95 , which is far below the minimum daily consumption of 400 g of vegetables and fruit recommended by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the WHO. 96 Bangladesh NCD Risk Factor Survey 2010 revealed 95.7% people consume inadequate fruit and/or vegetables (<5 servings per day) 26 High salt intake appears to be a significant problem with Bangladeshi population based on the data from salt production and sales, average daily intake has been calculated to be 15 g. 97 A more recent study using spot urine analysis found very high average sodium intake of 21 g/day. 98 Considering these data, salt intake in this country appears to be much higher than what is recommended by the WHO (sodium chloride <5 g/day, sodium <2 g/day) 99 or the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (sodium <2.3 g/day in general and children ages >14 years, and <1.5 g/day for individuals with prehypertension and hypertension).…”

Factors Related to Delay in Seeking Medical Care Among Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction in Dhaka

“…Likewise, other countries, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a progressive reason for increased mortality and services burden in Bangladesh, a developing country with about 160 million of the population as a country experiencing epidemiological transition (13)(14)(15)(16)(17). However, the precise prevalence and risk factors of CVD is yet to be identified (13).…”

Cardiovascular Diseases in Bangladesh

“…It is responsible for 17% of the total deaths [5][6]. All types of cardiovascular diseases are prevalent in the country.…”

“…7 We are lacking of nationwide epidemiological data regarding the scenario of CVD in the country, however by analyzing the available data and meta-analysis of different studies, we may assume the prevalence of Hypertension as 15-20%, Coronary Artery Disease as 4-6% and Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart disease as <0.1%, Congenital Heart Disease as 25-30 per 1000 live birth and stroke as 0.3-1%. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Data on heart failure, arrhythmias, cardiomyopathies and peripheral vascular diseases still needs to be evaluated.…”