Emerging categories of urban shared sanitation

Mazeau, Adrien P.; Reed, Bob; Sansom, Kevin; Scott, Rebecca E.

doi:10.1111/wej.12075

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…We also acknowledge that the notion of "shared sanitation" itself encompasses a spectrum of sanitation facilities and usage patterns [25]. For example, Rheinländer and colleagues argued that shared sanitation facilities can be categorized into a number of categories, such as (a) those shared between households that know each other, (b) public toilets and (c) institutional toilets (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We also did not attempt to incorporate variation in maintenance (or hygienic level) of latrines given the dearth of data pertinent to the quantitative relationship between latrine cleanliness and the human-to-human transmission rate of a norovirus-like pathogen. Likewise, we acknowledge that shared sanitation facilities exist in many forms, from private latrines shared by several households to public latrines in markets or slums [25,26]. While such heterogeneity is not included in our simple model, its effect on disease outcomes can be explored in future studies.…”

Section: Strengths and Limitations Of Our Mathematical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The impact of shared sanitation facilities on diarrheal diseases with and without an environmental reservoir: a modeling study

Just

Carden

et al. 2018

Pathogens and Global Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Epidemiological studies have identified an increased risk of diarrheal diseases associated with using shared sanitation facilities. We hypothesized that this might be related to differences in transmission routes of pathogens. We proposed a mathematical model of two fictitious pathogens, one transmitted with an environmental reservoir and one without. We assumed that individuals susceptible to one pathogen are not susceptible to the other, and therefore, decoupled the two models. We initialized the model with 99% individuals being susceptible. We sampled the parameter space using Latin Hypercube Sampling. We simulated 10,000 parameter sets. We varied the effective shared sanitation coverage (the product of latrine coverage and users' compliance). Our results show that, in our hypothetical scenario, across all levels of effective coverage of shared sanitation, the median final cumulative incidence of diarrheal disease was higher than that of zero coverage. Our simulation findings suggest that increasing effective coverage of shared sanitation may have limited benefits against diarrhea-causing pathogens with an environmental reservoir and may lack benefit against diarrhea-causing pathogens without an environmental reservoir given increased human contacts if latrines are poorly maintained.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Strengths and Limitations Of Our Mathematical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of shared sanitation facilities on diarrheal diseases with and without an environmental reservoir: a modeling study

Just

Carden

et al. 2018

Pathogens and Global Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This stage should be short, as good levels of dignity and health are not possible. There are various definitions of shared latrines (Mazeau et al, 2014), but once the immediate need is met, the trend moves from institutionally managed facilities to those built and/or managed by community groups, neighbours, or a household.…”

Section: An Overview Of Emergency Sanitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergency sanitation: developing criteria for pit latrine lining

2016

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pit latrine linings for emergency sanitation facilities require different performance criteria from those for pits used in longer-term development work. Various international initiatives are currently under way to develop new methods of supporting the pits used for latrines in emergencies, but before a solution can be found, the problem needs to be defined. Current field guidance lacks the level of detail required by humanitarian workers to construct durable pits in a timely manner. Consultations with international humanitarian field staff and UK-based geotechnical engineers were used in this research project to identify design, construction, and operational requirements of emergency pit-lining systems. However, rather than closely defined performance requirements, the study identified a wide range of criteria that need to be considered and clear distinctions between emergency and longer-term solutions. Latrines constructed in the initial stages of emergencies are likely to be communal, with long rectangular pits that require frequent emptying. Current knowledge of suitable pit support methods is sufficient to provide a limited range of standard designs that could be selected to meet local requirements. Keywords: emergency, sanitation, latrineIn 2013, disasters affected over 95 million people (CRED, 2014). Immediate assistance can stabilize the situation and enhance recovery, so humanitarian organizations prepare by stockpiling supplies for rapid deployment. Using standardized equipment, staff can be trained in advance and implement relief with familiar materials. Items such as blankets or water taps are

show abstract

“…Since subsidies may be costly, private/self-financing options are financing alternatives that can be explored [ 9 ]. Households in informal settlements often provide their own sanitation facilities [ 10 , 11 ]. Such self-provision in poor urban areas often implies that households have to purchase basic services (including sanitation), just like they purchase other commodities [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the Cost and Payment for Sanitation in the Informal Settlements of Kisumu, Kenya: A Cross Sectional Study

Simiyu

Swilling

Rheingans

et al. 2017

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lack of sanitation facilities is a common occurrence in informal settlements that are common in most developing countries. One challenge with sanitation provision in these settlements is the cost and financing of sanitation. This study aimed at estimating the cost of sanitation, and investigating the social and economic dynamics within Kisumu’s informal settlements that hinder provision and uptake of sanitation facilities. Primary data was collected from residents of the settlements, and using logistic and hedonic regression analysis, we identify characteristics of residents with sanitation facilities, and estimate the cost of sanitation as revealed in rental prices. Our study finds that sanitation constitutes approximately 54% of the rent paid in the settlements; and dynamics such as landlords and tenants preferences, and sharing of sanitation facilities influence provision and payment for sanitation. This study contributes to general development by estimating the cost of sanitation, and further identifies barriers and opportunities for improvement including the interplay between landlords and tenants. Provision of sanitation in informal settlements is intertwined in social and economic dynamics, and development approaches should target both landlords and tenants, while also engaging various stakeholders to work together to identify affordable and appropriate sanitation technologies.

show abstract

Emerging categories of urban shared sanitation

Cited by 18 publications

References 18 publications

The impact of shared sanitation facilities on diarrheal diseases with and without an environmental reservoir: a modeling study

The impact of shared sanitation facilities on diarrheal diseases with and without an environmental reservoir: a modeling study

Emergency sanitation: developing criteria for pit latrine lining

Estimating the Cost and Payment for Sanitation in the Informal Settlements of Kisumu, Kenya: A Cross Sectional Study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About