Emerging cholinergic mechanisms and ontogeny of response inhibition in the mouse.

D, Ray; Zm, Nagy

doi:10.1037/h0077471

Cited by 45 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…As indicated by Ray and Nagy (1978) and Riccio and Schulenberg (1969), ll-day-old mice performed better than 15-day-old mice, although Riccio and Schulenberg found that 15-day-old mice never learned; this is not in agreement with the findings of this study, as some 15-day-old mice did learn.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 93%

“…The test apparatus consisted of a small elevated platform on a grid, similar to the apparatus used by Ray and Nagy (1978). The platforms were constructed of 3-mm clear Plexiglas, which measured 40 cm around, 50 cm around, and 55 cm around, for 11-and 12-day-old mice, 15-day-old mice, and 19-day-old mice, respectively.…”

Section: Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The same age effects occurred in both the high brain-weight and low brainweight lines. Recent work has also shown that mice are capable of learning a passive avoidance response when they are as young as 7 days of age (Ray & Nagy, 1978). The passive avoidance situation is markedly different, however, from the shock-avoidance situation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Passive avoidance during brain-growth spurts and plateaus

Lavooy

Hahn

et al. 1981

Bull. Psychon. Soc.

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Epstein has suggested that normal brain development is characterized by spurts and plateaus. In mice, these spurts seem to appear at 0-6,8-12 or 13, and 17-23 days, and plateaus appear at 6-8,12-17, and after 23 days of age. Results have demonstrated enhanced learning in a spurt (11 and 19 days of age) and a decrement in learning at a plateau (15 days of age), using an active avoidance task to measure learning in Fuller BWS high and low brain-weight lines. We tested Fuller BWS high-and low-line mice in a passive avoidance task at 11, 15, and 19 days of age. Mice were also tested at 12 days of age, since a recent study found that 12-day-old mice are in a plateau rather than a spurt, as previously reported. As high activity levels may conflict with the response made, activity levels were also measured on the day of testing. The results revealed an age effect and an Age by Line interaction, but no line effect: Mice at 11 and 19 days of age (spurts) differed significantly from mice 15 and 12 days of age (plateaus). Activity was not found to be a confounding measure.Recent work has shown that brain size can be influenced by variables such as nutrition, environment, maternal behavior, and genes (Hahn, Jensen, & Dudek, 1979). It also appears that brain size is related to behavior, as species with larger average brain size in relation to average body size show greater ability to process and utilize information. Epstein (1979) has shown a stagewise growth in average brain weight, and he correlates these braingrowth stages with mind-growth stages, or Piaget's stages of intellectual development. He suggests that the normal course of human brain development is not a linear process but, rather, is characterized by specific stages of rapid and slow growth, or spurts and plateaus, respectively.A study by Gottlieb, Keydar, and Epstein (1977) on mouse and rat brain growth from birth to weaning shows rapid growth (spurts) at 0-6, 8-12 or 13, and 17-23 days, and slow growth (plateaus) at 6-8,12-17, and after 23 days of age. Epstein's (1979) work predicts a decrement in learning ability at a plateau and increased learning in a spurt.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 93%

Section: Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Passive avoidance during brain-growth spurts and plateaus

Lavooy

Hahn

et al. 1981

Bull. Psychon. Soc.

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“…The study of excitatory function was restricted to observations at ages in this species at which the disinhibitory effects of anticholinergic, antiserotonergic, or antiGABAergic drugs on locomotor behaviors would be relatively small compared with disinhibitory effects in older mice. Previous studies of the mouse in the shuttle-eage apparatus suggested that, except for a marginal serotonergic influence (Nagy & Forster, 1982), inhibitory processes involving locomotor activities were not in evidence before 13 days of age (Murphy et al, 1979;Ray & Nagy , 1978). Therefore, one purpose of the study was to examine the effects of CA manipulation on locomotor activity over an age range in which infant mice appear to exhibit relatively greater excitatory as opposed to inhibitory capacities.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Furthermore , the apparent developmental shift from one mode to the other may be the result of a differential maturation rate of these processes: initial activity increases in these species might be the manifestation of the early development of catecholamine (CA) excitatory mechanisms of the lower brainstem (Campbell & Mabry, 1973; Correspondence should be sent to Z. M. Nagy, Department of Psychology , Bowling Green State University , Bowling Green, 0843403. Nagy , 1983) , whereas later decreased responding might signal the delayed functional emergence of limbic and/or cortical inhibitory processes (Moorcroft, 1971), at least involving cholinergic (Campbell et al, 1969;Murphy & Nagy, 1976;Ray & Nagy, 1978) , serotonergic (Lucot & Seiden, 1986 ;Mabry & Campbell, 1974;Nagy & Forster, 1982), and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) systems (Murphy, Meeker, Porada, & Nagy, 1979).…”

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confidence: 99%

The development of locomotor response to d- and l-amphetamine in the infant mouse

Ray

Nagy

1992

Bull. Psychon. Soc.

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To study the possible role of catecholaminergic processes underlying the exaggerated expression of behavioral arousal during early development in the mouse, the locomotor activity of 10-to 12-day-old mice following d-amphetamine injection was recorded over a 5-h period in a shuttlecage apparatus. Reliable effects of a 1-mg/kg dose of d-amphetamine were observed only in the oldest age group. The relative influences of d-and l-amphetamine were then assessed at this age . The stereoisomers were approximately equipotent in elevating activity above saline control levels and demonstrated comparable latency and duration of effects. The results support the notion that heightened arousal at this age is mediated by a nor adrenergic system.

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Intertrial interval manipulations and passive avoidance retention in young Long‐Evans hooded rats

Hinderliter

Riccio

2002

Developmental Psychobiology

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Results of several studies indicate that young rats generally require more training than do adults to reach comparable criterion levels of passive avoidance behavior. In addition, younger rats generally show poorer retention performance than adults. In the present study, preweanling and weanling Long-Evans rats were given passive avoidance training at intertrial intervals (ITI) of 2 min, 1 hr, or 24 hr until a 600-s criterion was obtained. A 2-week retention test also was given to each subject. Results indicate that ITI had little effect on rate of acquisition or retention. Acquisition and retention performance did improve with age, as is typically reported with other strains of rats. The present results support previous acquisition and retention studies indicating that the ability to acquire and retain a passive avoidance task for weanling and preweanling rats increases with age.

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Emerging cholinergic mechanisms and ontogeny of response inhibition in the mouse.

Cited by 45 publications

References 23 publications

Passive avoidance during brain-growth spurts and plateaus

Passive avoidance during brain-growth spurts and plateaus

The development of locomotor response to d- and l-amphetamine in the infant mouse

Intertrial interval manipulations and passive avoidance retention in young Long‐Evans hooded rats

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