Emerging contaminants and treatment options in water recycling for indirect potable use

Wintgens, Thomas; Salehi, F.; Hochstrat, Rita; Melin, Thomas

doi:10.2166/wst.2008.799

Cited by 111 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The discharge of wastewater and chemical spillage into water channels has exacerbated the water quality crisis (Richardson, 2008;Wintgens, Salehi, Hochstrat, & Melin, 2008). Although many conventional methods have been applied in removing organic contaminants, those methods do not lead to total mineralisation of the pollutants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photodegradation of Chlorophenoxyacetic Acids by ZnO/r-Fe2O3 Nanocatalysts: A Comparative Study

Abdullah¹,

Mun²,

Zainal³

et al. 2013

IJC

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ZnO/γ-Fe 2 O 3 nanocomposite was synthesized via simple precipitation. The synthesized nanocatalysts underwent heat treatment at 450 o C for an hour. The characteristics of the nanocomposite were investigated by XRD, TEM, and BET surface area measurement. Zeta potential analysis was used to examine the surface charge properties of the nanocatalysts. The synthesized nanocomposite has an average particle size of 11 nm and a surface area of 20 m 2 g -1 . The potential of ZnO/γ-Fe 2 O 3 as a photocatalyst was evaluated by photodegrading chlorophenoxyacetic acids (PAA, 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T and 4CA). The decomposition of chlorophenoxyacetic acids by ZnO/γ-Fe 2 O 3 followed 4CA > 2,4,5-T ≈ 2,4-D > PAA. The result indicates the applicability of ZnO/γ-Fe 2 O 3 nanocomposite as a photocatalyst in removing organic pollutants in wastewater.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photodegradation of Chlorophenoxyacetic Acids by ZnO/r-Fe2O3 Nanocatalysts: A Comparative Study

Abdullah¹,

Mun²,

Zainal³

et al. 2013

IJC

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“…Bisphenol A) or trialkylphosphates (e.g. tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate), used as placticizers (Wintgens et al 2008;Reemtsma et al 2008;Zoller 2008). In this study, a sampling campaign was conducted to gain information on the occurrence and distribution of emerging pollutants in water samples of the Jordan Valley.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradation of Pharmaceutical Compounds and their Occurrence in the Jordan Valley

Tiehm

Schmidt

Stieber

et al. 2010

Water Resour Manage

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In particular in arid regions the reuse of waste water and aquifer recharge is an important issue. Elimination of persistent emerging pollutants represents a key factor in integrated water resources management, and identifying suitable treatment processes to eliminate such compounds becomes inevitably necessary. It is the objective of this study (1) to assess the occurrence of emerging pollutants in the Jordan Valley and (2) to review and examine the biodegradability of selected key compounds. Among the most frequently detected compounds during a sampling campaign in 2007 were pharmaceutical residues such as carbamazepine, diclofenac, or naproxen, and X-ray contrast agents such as diatrizoic acid and iopromide, all typically found in Europe and the USA as well. To gain further insight into elimination processes, biodegradation studies were conducted with batch tests and flow-through soil columns under unsaturated, aerobic conditions. Results demonstrated biodegradation for pharmaceutical residues such as ibuprofen, diclofenac and bezafibrate. The degradation rate was faster in treated waste water as compared to raw waste water, most probably due to competing substrate consumption in raw waste water. The antiepileptic carbamazepine showed no degradation in the batch tests and only moderate removal during soil passage, probably due to sorption. The results of this study and previously published data emphasize the need for further studies under more defined conditions to elucidate the specific conditions under which biodegradation of emerging pollutants proceeds.

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“…Nonetheless, municipal wastewater and even the reclaimed waters can have potential human health issues and ecosystem threats due to the presence of trace contaminants and pathogenic impurities [1]. Adequate treatment of municipal wastewater is needed to achieve high quality reclaimed water and to reduce health and ecological hazards [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporating Submerged MBR in Conventional Activated Sludge Process for Municipal Wastewater Treatment: A Feasibility and Performance Assessment

Gurung¹,

Ncibi²,

Fontmorin³

et al. 2016

J Membra Sci Technol

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A pilot-scale submerged membrane bioreactor (MBR) was incorporated in a conventional activated sludge (CAS) process for more than 100 days in order to assess the feasibility and performance on the municipal wastewater treatment. After a stabilization period of 50 days, the MBR unit was operated under various temperatures (21 ± 4°C), mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentrations (14000 ± 1800 mg L -1 ), and different aeration intensities (3 to 6 m 3 h -1 ). No significant deterioration in membrane flux was observed while operating with high biomass concentration. From the results, the removal of total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phosphorus (TP) were enhanced using MBR. However, due to some limiting operational conditions, the total nitrogen (TN) removal was less efficient in MBR than in CAS. The MBR unit was 100% effective in removing E. coli and enterococcus, as well as noroviruses and adenovirus, making it more efficient than CAS. Also, the removal of most of the trace organic compounds (TrOCs) including personal care products, pharmaceuticals, steroid hormones and perfluorinated compounds were enhanced after the incorporation of MBR to CAS, as well as for many heavy metals in MBR.

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Emerging contaminants and treatment options in water recycling for indirect potable use

Cited by 111 publications

References 14 publications

Photodegradation of Chlorophenoxyacetic Acids by ZnO/r-Fe2O3 Nanocatalysts: A Comparative Study

Photodegradation of Chlorophenoxyacetic Acids by ZnO/r-Fe2O3 Nanocatalysts: A Comparative Study

Biodegradation of Pharmaceutical Compounds and their Occurrence in the Jordan Valley

Incorporating Submerged MBR in Conventional Activated Sludge Process for Municipal Wastewater Treatment: A Feasibility and Performance Assessment

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