2015
DOI: 10.1517/14728214.2015.1050376
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Emerging drugs for antipsychotic-induced tardive dyskinesia: investigational drugs in Phase II and Phase III clinical trials

Abstract: Effective adjunctive treatment for the symptoms of TD will depend on gaining a better understanding of the neurological changes induced by chronic dopamine D2 receptor antagonism from APs.

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Cited by 14 publications
(6 citation statements)
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References 123 publications
(119 reference statements)
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“…130 These are potentially irreversible late onset repetitive abnormal involuntary movements primarily of the face and limbs. 126,[131][132][133][134] They occur in up to 30% of treated patients and may be debilitating and socially stigmatizing. The second-generation antipsychotics cause less tardive dyskinesia; however, it still develops at an annual incidence of 4%.…”
Section: Tardive Dyskinesiamentioning
confidence: 99%
“…130 These are potentially irreversible late onset repetitive abnormal involuntary movements primarily of the face and limbs. 126,[131][132][133][134] They occur in up to 30% of treated patients and may be debilitating and socially stigmatizing. The second-generation antipsychotics cause less tardive dyskinesia; however, it still develops at an annual incidence of 4%.…”
Section: Tardive Dyskinesiamentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The exact mechanism by which typical APDs result in the development of TD remains largely uncertain. However, the most compelling line of evidence suggests that chronic dopamine blockade caused by dopamine D2 receptor antagonists or APDs could result in an upregulation of dopamine receptor responsiveness, resulting in a compensatory supersensitivity of the receptors in the nigrostriatal pathway [30,31]. As shown in Table 4, chlorpromazine contains all of top ten substructures.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Being a typical anti-psychotic haloperidol (HP) have a strong a nity to bind with dopamine D 2 receptor. This mechanism causes supersensitivity in the postsynaptic striatal dopamine D 2 receptors, in uence MSN in indirect pathway, causing a wide range of side effects (facial jerking, vacuous chewing movements (VCM), cheek pu ng, eye blinking, tongue protrusion, and lip-smacking) and likely contributes to the repetitive involuntary (orofacial) movement and develops TD (Lockwood & Remington, 2015;Thakur et al, 2015).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%