Emerging energy and environmental application of graphene and their composites: a review

Current State of Porous Carbon for Wastewater Treatment

“…It is also used in gas sensors such as NO 2 , CO, H 2 S, H 2 , NO, NH 3 , and CO 2 [76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85], or even as a biosensor for the detection of dopamine [86,87], β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide [88], paracetamol [87,89], Kojic acid [90], uric acid [86,87], vanillin [91], and caffeic acid [92]. Graphene is also used as a drug carrier [93][94][95][96][97] and as a charge conductor in solar cells as well as a light collector including cells and photodetectors [53,[60][61][62][98][99][100]. He et al [101] prepared a three-dimensional graphene-CNTs@ Se aerogel, usingCNTs/selenium that is sandwiched between graphene nanosheets via an environmentally friendly solvothermal method.…”

Visible Light-Induced Aerobic Oxidative Dehydrogenation of C–N/C–O to C=N/C=O Bonds Using Metal-Free Photocatalysts: Recent Developments

“…The recyclability of these photocatalysts was achieved by centrifugation in both cases, being able to perform the reaction four and six times, respectively, maintaining their performance. Graphene-based composites have been recently employed in many photocatalytic processes, such as those related to the environmental area [138][139][140]. Metal-free graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are interesting materials due to their unique physical and chemical properties, demonstrated to have various photocatalytic applications [141,142].…”

“…Metal-free graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are interesting materials due to their unique physical and chemical properties, demonstrated to have various photocatalytic applications [141,142]. Thus, the aerobic oxidative coupling of benzylamines for the preparation of 2 has been successfully carried out with nitrogen-and sulfur-codoped GQDs synthesized from a catecholamine derivative (NS-GQDs, 63) [143], oxygen-rich CQDs (O-CQDs, 64) [144] and dimethylamino-functionalized GQDs (GQD-DMA, 65) Graphene-based composites have been recently employed in many photocatalytic processes, such as those related to the environmental area [138][139][140]. Metal-free graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are interesting materials due to their unique physical and chemical properties, demonstrated to have various photocatalytic applications [141,142].…”

Computational Insight into TM–Nx Embedded Graphene Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Evolution and Reduction Reactions

“…Furthermore, there should be flexibility in its electronic structure so that the geometry does not change much while binding with intermediates in both the oxygen evolution and reverse processes. In this regard, doping with heteroatoms or molecules on the graphene layer is already reported to be extremely promising and thus has attracted great attention in the last decade due to their high abundance and durability. , The catalytic activities of heteroatom (N, P, S)-doped graphene, − fullerenes, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) , have already been explored extensively. However, the reported results demand further improvement on catalytic performance of these metal-free carbon materials in acidic environments.…”