Emerging Evidence on Neutrophil Motility Supporting Its Usefulness to Define Vitamin C Intake Requirements

Elste, Volker; Troesch, Barbara; Eggersdorfer, Manfred; Weber, Peter

doi:10.3390/nu9050503

Cited by 28 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…It may be that these values are much higher than the RDAs [24,27] (Figure 3). For example, in the case of vitamin C the RDA ranges globally between 40 and 110 mg [145]. However, prophylaxis of infection requires dietary vitamin C intakes of 100-200 mg/day (i.e., higher than the RDA) to provide adequate, if not saturating plasma levels and thus optimize cell and tissue levels [21].…”

Section: Impact Of Micronutrient Status On the Immune Response And Rimentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Micronutrients and the Immune System–Working in Harmony to Reduce the Risk of Infection

2020

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Immune support by micronutrients is historically based on vitamin C deficiency and supplementation in scurvy in early times. It has since been established that the complex, integrated immune system needs multiple specific micronutrients, including vitamins A, D, C, E, B6, and B12, folate, zinc, iron, copper, and selenium, which play vital, often synergistic roles at every stage of the immune response. Adequate amounts are essential to ensure the proper function of physical barriers and immune cells; however, daily micronutrient intakes necessary to support immune function may be higher than current recommended dietary allowances. Certain populations have inadequate dietary micronutrient intakes, and situations with increased requirements (e.g., infection, stress, and pollution) further decrease stores within the body. Several micronutrients may be deficient, and even marginal deficiency may impair immunity. Although contradictory data exist, available evidence indicates that supplementation with multiple micronutrients with immune-supporting roles may modulate immune function and reduce the risk of infection. Micronutrients with the strongest evidence for immune support are vitamins C and D and zinc. Better design of human clinical studies addressing dosage and combinations of micronutrients in different populations are required to substantiate the benefits of micronutrient supplementation against infection.

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Section: Impact Of Micronutrient Status On the Immune Response And Rimentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Micronutrients and the Immune System–Working in Harmony to Reduce the Risk of Infection

2020

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“…It is also a cofactor for a number of biosynthetic and gene regulatory enzymes, and participates in many metabolic pathways such as collagen formation, the metabolism of nor-epinephrine, the transformation of tryptophan to serotonin, the synthesis of carnitine, etc. Furthermore, vitamin C is involved in intracellular respiration, the reduction of cholesterol in blood, and the development of bone, teeth and cartilage structures, and also plays a major role in maintaining healthy immunity [ 162 , 163 , 164 , 165 , 166 ].…”

Section: Nutritional and Vitamin C Functional Implications Of The mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is estimated that the daily requirement for women is about 75 mg, for pregnant women 85 mg, for breastfeeding women 120 mg, for men 90 mg, and for teenage boys and girls 75 mg and 65 mg, respectively. An additional 35 mg per day is needed for smokers, and also different quantities for patients with different diseases, including patients with iron overload [ 164 , 166 , 167 , 168 , 169 ]. The major food sources of vitamin C are fruits and vegetables, and the highest amounts can be found in guavas, red peppers, kiwi, orange, green peppers, grapefruit, strawberries, melon, papaya, broccoli, peas, sweet potato, tomato, cauliflower and pineapple.…”

Section: Nutritional and Vitamin C Functional Implications Of The mentioning

confidence: 99%

Trying to Solve the Puzzle of the Interaction of Ascorbic Acid and Iron: Redox, Chelation and Therapeutic Implications

et al. 2020

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Iron and ascorbic acid (vitamin C) are essential nutrients for the normal growth and development of humans, and their deficiency can result in serious diseases. Their interaction is of nutritional, physiological, pharmacological and toxicological interest, with major implications in health and disease. Millions of people are using pharmaceutical and nutraceutical preparations of these two nutrients, including ferrous ascorbate for the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia and ascorbate combination with deferoxamine for increasing iron excretion in iron overload. The main function and use of vitamin C is its antioxidant activity against reactive oxygen species, which are implicated in many diseases of free radical pathology, including biomolecular-, cellular- and tissue damage-related diseases, as well as cancer and ageing. Ascorbic acid and its metabolites, including the ascorbate anion and oxalate, have metal binding capacity and bind iron, copper and other metals. The biological roles of ascorbate as a vitamin are affected by metal complexation, in particular following binding with iron and copper. Ascorbate forms a complex with Fe3+ followed by reduction to Fe2+, which may potentiate free radical production. The biological and clinical activities of iron, ascorbate and the ascorbate–iron complex can also be affected by many nutrients and pharmaceutical preparations. Optimal therapeutic strategies of improved efficacy and lower toxicity could be designed for the use of ascorbate, iron and the iron–ascorbate complex in different clinical conditions based on their absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, toxicity (ADMET), pharmacokinetic, redox and other properties. Similar strategies could also be designed in relation to their interactions with food components and pharmaceuticals, as well as in relation to other aspects concerning personalized medicine.

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“…The mechanisms involved in ascorbate-stimulated chemotaxis are not yet understood, although enhanced microtubule formation has been suggested [44]. Recently, it was proposed that neutrophil motility could be used as an indication of vitamin C intake requirements [45], however, more research would need to be carried out in neutrophils that are ascorbate deficient in order to determine the minimum amounts of vitamin C required for optimal chemotactic activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Physiological Vitamin C Concentrations on Key Functions of Neutrophils Isolated from Healthy Individuals

Bozonet

Carr

2019

Nutrients

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Vitamin C (ascorbate) is important for neutrophil function and immune health. Studies showing improved immune function have primarily used cells from scorbutic animals or from individuals with infectious conditions or immune cell disorders. Few studies have focused on the requirements of neutrophils from healthy adults. Therefore, we have investigated the role of vitamin C, at concentrations equivalent to those obtained in plasma from oral intakes (i.e., 50–200 µmol/L), on key functions of neutrophils isolated from healthy individuals. Cells were either pre-loaded with dehydroascorbic acid, which is rapidly reduced intracellularly to ascorbate, or the cells were activated in the presence of extracellular ascorbate. We measured the effects of enhanced ascorbate uptake on the essential functions of chemotaxis, oxidant production, programmed cell death and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. We found that neutrophils isolated from healthy individuals already had replete ascorbate status (0.35 nmol/106 cells), therefore they did not uptake additional ascorbate. However, they readily took up dehydroascorbic acid, thus significantly increasing their intracellular ascorbate concentrations, although this was found to have no additional effect on superoxide production or chemotaxis. Interestingly, extracellular ascorbate appeared to enhance directional mobilityin the presence of the chemoattractant formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP). Stimulation of the cells in the presence of ascorbate significantly increased intracellular ascorbate concentrations and, although this exhibited a non-significant increase in phosphatidylserine exposure, NET formation was significantly attenuated. Our findings demonstrate the ability of neutrophils to regulate their uptake of ascorbate from the plasma of healthy humans to maintain an optimal level within the cell for proper functioning. Higher oral intakes, however, may help reduce tissue damage and inflammatory pathologies associated with NET formation.

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Emerging Evidence on Neutrophil Motility Supporting Its Usefulness to Define Vitamin C Intake Requirements

Cited by 28 publications

References 109 publications

A Review of Micronutrients and the Immune System–Working in Harmony to Reduce the Risk of Infection

A Review of Micronutrients and the Immune System–Working in Harmony to Reduce the Risk of Infection

Trying to Solve the Puzzle of the Interaction of Ascorbic Acid and Iron: Redox, Chelation and Therapeutic Implications

The Role of Physiological Vitamin C Concentrations on Key Functions of Neutrophils Isolated from Healthy Individuals

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